The Importance Of The Oleochemical Industry

The Importance Of The Oleochemical substance substance IndustryOleochemicals which is the chemical product that extract from plant or animal fogy oil. The formation of oleomargarinechemical ar from voluptuousty acids, fatty alcoholic drink, methyl esters and glycerine. In Malaysia, oleochemical started from early 1980s. The Malaysian Oleochemical Manu itemures stem (MOMG) was established in January 1984 when the assiduity attracted more than enhancer. MOMG uses the renewable natural dim framework much(prenominal) as touch oil, coconut oil and manage kernel oil which ar surroundings friendly. delinquent to the global heating plant and depleting of fossil fuel, bio diesel engine leave alone be the next great potential as a cost- fixive feedback for fossil fuel. plow oil or former(a) vegetable oil loafer be utilize to create biodiesel for indispensable combustion engines. After mixed with petro diesel, biodiesel great deal use in either diesel engine. Normally vehicle manufacture limit their recommendation to 15% biodiesel blended with petro diesel. In Europe, biodiesel is almost common. RD gravel research that biodiesel is more mop energy than fossil fuel, it release sparse hundred dioxide, carbon monoxide and siemens dioxide after combustion. Not only that, biodiesel is more economical as biodiesel can be use directly without changing or modified the vehicle engine.The importance and advantages of Oleochemical Industry (Biodiesel) in our SocietyThe oleochemical industry that producing biodiesel have uncertain profit potential since the fossil fuel sources ar depleting over the eld and this testament cause the usage of biodiesel increases. Biodiesel is miscible with petroleum found diesel and this provides several advantages. For example, biodiesel can be obtained from a renewable and widespread approachability of feedstock. Moreover, biodiesel has the same energy level for per gallon like petroleum-based dieselThe biodies el is divulged from plants and opposite organic naked materials and the processes of producing biodiesel are harmless to the earth compared to drilling for oil which cause huge damages to the earth. Since we able to produce biodiesel and being use in domestic, there are no international complications allow be involved. This go forth help strengthen our national security. Besides that, it can prevent the global situation to affect the price of biodiesel.The principal(prenominal) reason of oleochemical industry can be so successful is because of the selection biofuel such as biodiesel is a carbon neutral one which means it doesnt not emit whatever carbon gases in the form of carbon dioxide. As we know carbon dioxide is the main contribution to the babys room gas emissions. Besides that, biodiesel is biodegradable and less toxic than fossil fuel. Due to the lubricating effect by the biodiesel, the diesel engines lifespan is last longer and it is more efficiency. Therefore, biodiesel becomes one of the most important alternative fuel for combustion in diesel engines.The Supply motive of BiodieselDue to the declining of fossil fuels well-nigh the world, various governments all over the world have passed policies to help in the exertion and phasing-in of bio-fuels to turn off the consumption of fossil fuel. For example, the unite States of America had passed a Renewable Fuel Standard (RFS) in 2010 for the production of 650 million gallons of biodiesel in 2010, while in Brazil, all gasoline requires around 20-25% of ethanol blended into them and since Jan. 1 2010, Brazil had begun a B-5 mandate which requires the phasing in of 5% biodiesel into fossil fuels.In addition, collect to the EUs (European Union) determined policies, biofuel consumption is lick up ones mind to increase sharply. Previously, the EU had set a goal for all their genus Phallus nations to achieve a minimum target of 5.75% biofuel production by the socio-economic class 2010, w hich was estimated to be around 14 million tonnes, and subsequently increase the make sense to 10% biofuel production by the year 2020.South East Asiatic countries like In dosia and the Philippines have also set a B2.5 mandate which requires the phasing in of 2.5% biodiesel into fossil fuel diesels in their internal market. Malaysia has also implemented a B5 mandate which requires all diesel fuels sold in the country to phase-in 5% of biodiesel. Therefore, with many countries supporting the concept of producing biofuels and the increasing worldwide gather up, it shows that investing into the surface area of the production of biodiesel would be actually profitable in the long run.cost of producing biodiesel are dependent on the feedstock being used, the biodiesel plant design and size, and the modal value the plant is being ope rolld. Basically, soybean oil and decoration oil are the most commonly used feedstock being used in the oleo chemical industry due to their widespread a vailability and lowest priced for most of the time. Although alga are one of the feedstock which can have a lavishly yield of biodiesel, palm oil is still preferred over algae due the high capital of algae.Besides that, countries like Indonesia and Malaysia, which in 2012 had record roughly 18,500,000 metric tons of palm oil produced, will produce to be worthwhile countries to invest in for the production of biodiesel due to the fact that there are ample materials to produce biodiesel. Moreover, with the lack of suppliers producing biodiesel in the vicinity (South East Asia), to invest in this field in the region would rebel to be worth the effort.Procesess for entailment of biodiesel from palmThere are devil main process for synthesis of biodiesel from palmPalm Oil ancestry from palmMechanical ExtractionSolvent ExtractionTraditional manner Of Palm nubble ExtractionThere are 8 main processes for the palm oil parentage, those are practice bundling reception, and weighing, bunch quartering, bunch sterilization, bunch threshing/ stripping, oil palm fruit digestion, palm oil pressing, palm oil clarification, palm oil drying and palm oil storage (Figure 6.1). The extraction of palm oil can be done by ternion methods a.) Mechanical Extraction, b.) Solvent extraction and c.) Traditional method of palm kernel extraction.2. Trans-esterificationTrans-esterification also cognize as alcoholysis. It is a chemical process that slump the viscosity of palm oil and produce biodiesel by displace alcohol from an ester using another alcohol. This chemical process contains three subsequent bi afterwardsal reactions i.) reply between triglycerides of palm oil and alcohol to produce diglycerides and ester, ii.) Reaction between diglycerides and alcohol to produce monoglycerides and ester, iii.) Reaction between monoglycerides and alcohol to produce glycerol and ester (general equation in Figure 6.2). Transesterification can either be performed by the present of catal yst (catalytic process) or without the present of catalyst (non-catalytic process) (Figure 6.3).During the synthesis of biodiesel, there are some precaution steps need to be taken to ensure the whole process can be done in safe condition. One of the precaution step is always make sure that the tanks used in processing biodiesel are in commodity condition. Besides that, make sure that all the electrical powered are not over heated, over-pressurized and improperly submited. Use an explosion proof take to avoid from leaving the motor and engage the professionals to install and maintain the pump.The conflict on the EnvironmentThe process of deriving oleochemical can be separate into Fat Splitting, Distillation, Fractionation by Crystallization, Fractionation by Distillation, Hydrogenation and Ion Exchange. All the tell process might have some impacts on the environment, such asA power plant will be needed to egress a large amount of energy to the oleochemical industry. In order t o install a power plant in the factory, space and fuel are essential. However, fossil fuel is not environment friendly because it will produce toxic gases such as CO and SO3, which could cause air pollution. Besides, glasshouse gases such as CO2, O3, water vapors, and CH4, released from the power plant, gain ground contribute to greenhouse effects.Raw materials are limited. Human may suffer from food need due to excessive usage of animals and plants fats as cranky material for oleochemical industry. brute fats, being a side stream from the meat production, have a limited availability, said European Oleochemicals Allied Products Group. Animal fats cover more than 50 % of the raw material requirements in the European Oleochemical Industry.The processes of deriving oleochemicals such as (splitting, refining, neutralization and distillation) will generate heat energy. Since water has a very high specific heat capacity, it will be used in cooling system. In the cooling system, hea t energy will be transfer to the water, which increases the temperature of water. If we discard the hot water into river, the temperature will later disrupt the temperature of the river water. Even though it could be a very slight change of temperature, but it may cause death to the aquatic lives due to inadequate temperature which affects the activity of enzymes.There is no proof that neither raw materials nor products are safe to human, animals and plants even though its derived from plants or animals sources. Therefore, all the raw materials and products must be handled with care by relative field experts. The handling, storage, and out-migration of these materials should to be managed properly to avoid or minimize the potential for environmental impacts .Pollutant, toxic and greenhouse gases will cause pollution and greenhouse effect if we release it directly into ambiance. Existence of So3 and other toxic gases in atmosphere can cause respiratory hassles on humans and animal s.If the waste products of fat splitting process such as lipids, acids and alkali were discarded to ground, it will cause soil pollution. Plants will be unable to grow and this further destroys the habitat of the animals.When the factory is operating, machines and operating systems will generate noise and campaign nearby residence. A suitable and strategy location which located farthermost away from town and residence area can be used to set the factory.A catalyst such as Pt or Ni may be required to speed up the rate of reaction. These catalysts are expensive and need to be recycled so that we can reduce the costs and also save the environment.The products might consist of new and nameless chemicals. To reveal the toxicity or other side effects, animal testing or animal trial can be conducted. This is an inhumane practice, which may affect the ecosystem if the toxic is spread among the flora and fauna. The worst uncontrollable berth is that the chemicals cause cancer or mutatio n inside the animal body and spread among each other. Therefore, the practice of animal testing must be carried out in a small scale, and the number of animal used for testing should be as least as possible. Besides, the animals must be quarantined and separated from the others, as this could further minimize biological pollution. future Potential of the Oleochemical IndustryOleochemical industry is one of the fastest growth industry for biofuels. In the next few years, products produced by oleochemical industry are anticipate to replace those from petrochemicals. Most of the oleochemical industry are based on palm and palm kernel oils, so other new raw material sources are hoped to be found out to replace them, which are cheaper and comfy to be obtained.To protect the mother earth, costs of production should not be the first experimental condition while the environmental impact of a chemical to the user and environment is anticipated to be more important. Environmental issues s uch as biodegradation, non-toxicity and life cycle analysis are the main consideration that will be used in the future to determine whether a chemical should be commercially produced or not.Biotechnology aslo as known as biotransformation process is used to produce basic oleochemicals and intermediate products that based on chemical processes. This will be the future technology and will be used to produce functionality oleochemicals.ConclusionThe world is facing the depleting of fossil fuels, so the demand of oleochmical products will continue exceed the supply. Oleochemical plays a very important role in providing an alternative to replace the fossil fuels because the products of oleochemical are environmental friendly. However, mass exploits of this industry will still harm the environment to a certain extent. Hence, precaution measures must be taken and advertent deliberation over the issues that will happen before it creates a problem to our society.Reference1) Jibrail B Kansed o, University Sains Malaysia, Synthesis Of Biodiesel From Palm Oil And Sea mango Oil using Sulfated Zirconia Catalyst. operational from July 20092) Siti Fatimah Arifin, University Malaysia Pahang, Faculty Of Chemical And inbred Resources Engineering, Production Of Biodiesel From Waste Cooking Oil And RBD Palm Oil Using Batch Transesterification Process. in stock(predicate) from May 20093) Rhonda Day, eHow, Safety and Hazard Precautions In Biodiesel Production. Available from 4) FAO embodied Document Repository, Palm Oil Processing. Available from 5) FAO Corporative Document Repository, Palm Kernel Oil Extraction. Available from 6) Centre for Transportation Analysis, Global Supply and Demand of Biofuels, Oak Ridge National Laboratory. Available from January 20117) Future Potential of Oleochemical Industry. Available from 8) Malaysia Palm Oil Production by Year, 1964-2012. Available from 9)ASEAN Oleochemical Manufacturers Group, Country parting Malaysia. Available from 10) Cli mateAvene, the Use of Plam Oil as Biofule and Biodiesel. Available from 11) ClimateAvene, Sustainable Palm Oil Cultivation and Climate Change. Available from12) Wolfgang Rupilius and Salmiah Ahmad, The Changing World of Oleochemicals. Available from 13) International Finance Corporation, IFC, 2007, Environmental, Health and Safety Guidelines for Oleochemicals Manufacturing Online. Available from 14) Trudy, T., 2009, Synthetic Ingredients The moot over synthetics Online Available at 15) European Oleochemicals Allied Products Group, APAG 2006, Challenges and potential of biomass biofuels for the European Oleochemical industry Online. Available at 16) Ahmad, Mohd Jaaffar, and Tang Thin Su, 2005 Supply and demand of biodiesel in the European Union (EU). Palm Oil Dev 42 (2005) 8-14.

Asmaray Animations Process Analysis

Asmaray Animations c ar for AnalysisSummaryAs your furrow Analysts, we waste collected the certain shapees within Asmaray Animations. By conducting a thorough analysis of your subprogrames and identifying the performers involved. We harbour pile up a detailed ex envisionation through and through the representation of an IPO chart, expand call crusade and a use case diagram. job 1The following IPO chart details the role of a Business Analyst (BA) at Asmaray Animations which in short, is the make of apply the lymph nodes inevitably and concerns to utilisation with energisers to create a craved product, which is then delivered to the leaf node.Starting the IPO process ar the input signals. The inputs for this scenario are the leaf nodes, a surgical operation website and also animators. The website is an important input as it provides a gateway to lure potential customers and offer them a range of art hold where they finish be inspired to create an vitality.For t he neighboring measuring to take maneuver the leaf nodes must provide the BA with their needs and concerns so that the Business after part allocate a matching animator. This measure relates to decision making as it involves the clients deciding what they fate in their desired bread and butter using chosen references on the website, communication betwixt the client and agate line and is also roughly decision making as it is virtually creating a devise for the clients product.The processing stair is where the inputs are transformed into outputs, what occurs in this step is the process of relaying the initial plan to the animator so they can create a figure to be reviewed by the client. In more or less cases clients, can be ambiguous in expressing their needs and concerns, It is then the BAs business line to recognize sense of this ambiguity and generate assumptions, this involves refining, polishing and adding on to the clients ideas to make the dismiss product more desirable.This occurs when the client doesnt absolutely know what they want but only have on idea of it. In the end of both cases the BA works with the animator to create a prototype, if the client approves of the prototype then the prototype will be finished if not discussion between the client starts again. This step shows decision making in most of the processes the BA decides on what to add on to the clients plan, discussions between the animator and BA on creating a prototype and the review of the prototype between the BA and client.The last stage of the IPO is the Outputs, if the client approved of the prototype in the previous step then the terminalised product should be delivered to the client. This step is all about the client receiving their animation and stipend going through. This step can be considered as the performance monitoring phrase as it is the end of the cycle and evaluation can take place.Every actor in this IPO can evaluate their performance whether it be th e BA reviewing their management on the project or the animators evaluating their programming performance. The client can also send in a rating and review.Process of lymph node TransactionInputsProcess OutputguestsGathering the needs of clients. realised animation packaged and sent to clientA professional website that showcases the artwork of variant artists and animators.Features in the website includeA scroller for potential clients to browse through triple artwork, cogitate to artists biographies and descriptions of work,A communication feature that allows clients to engage with possessors on affirmable animation projects.Refining and adding on to the wants of a client and to construct a plan that will address the needs and concerns of the client.If the client does not have an exact vision of what they want but only an idea of it..The owner must work with the animators using the clients ideas and feedback to create a prototype of an animation that addresses the clients needs , which is then presented to them for approval. client has received the animation and has possibly given the business a rating.Satisfied client.The clients ideas, needs, feedback and concerns.Relaying and share ideas to an animator to create a plan for the end productSale do,Revenue received.Animators and open source software.Animators uses plan to create a prototype which is presented to the client, if approved then the prototype is make into the final animation product ready for delivery.Transaction finished.IPO Regarding the Completed WebsiteInputs (Website ideas)Process OutputBlogLink to opposite paginatesall(a)ow attestor to move around the websiteShow latest blog (daily update)Functioning home pageboy that allows the drug user to move freely through the Asmaray Animations WebsiteCatalogue of curated worksCreate database that preindication workSorting establishment (Defining)Webpage that allows users to search and view curated worksLinks to artists biographiesCollate ar tists own websitesHave a page that facilitates both artists biographies as well as workExposure for artistsWebpage that allows users to find info about artists and their workLink to descriptions of worksShare page with biographiesRegistration pageRequire login and passwordInclude human checker in tack to verify userSend information to user databaseRegistration page that is secure for the users, and is non-intrusive cooperative spaceSite generated per user each(prenominal)ow larger bandwidth for user uploads filing cabinet sharing software for ease of useSpace that allows lodge sharing between the client and artistsPayment pageAllow server to pass with PayPal.Encryption program for critical data.Functioning stipend page and systemThe IPO chart above shows provides a broken-down look into the processes inevitable for the website that the company has envisioned. It utilises the inputs or ideas of Armasay Animations to have a framework of what the website needs to have and what are the expected end results a fully realised and functioning website that allows clients to browse and find artists and animators that are suitable for the job required.By focalisation solely on the website, the IPO chart, it has more room to go into profundity into certain functions of the website itself. As such(prenominal) the inputs as stated before are the ideas taken from the company all of which are what they want to see in their website.The processes outline what each aspect of the website needs and how it can be customised in such a way to bring a unique smack to the companys website. For example, providing more depth into things like bandwidth allocation for some parts of the website as they need to hold embedded videos and images showcasing the artists work.The last stage is the outputs as such it would be the completed parts of the website, which in turn should be made in such a way where in the end everything links together, and should function as intended. The finis hed product can then be viewed by the client and give feedback on if it meets their expectations and if anything needs to be deviated. occupation 2Use CaseThe following Use Case shows the process of finalizing an animation project.Expanded Use Case Detailed Version appoint Actors nodes, Owners Artists (Initiators)Purposes To finalise the clients animation through client feedback and the subsequent legs of the project universe carried out by the owners and artists.Type AbstractImportance Primary technical Difficulty MediumPre-conditionsClients and artists have access to collaborative space drafting copy (Pilot Phase) is placed in the collaborative space.Advance of 15% for pilot variant has been paid by client.Advanced has been received by owners / business.AssumptionsClient is at ease and happy with the pilot phase of the product.Cross-ReferenceClient RegistrationClient Animation Order Designing ProcessClient Payment Of hurlActors Action corpse Response1. Owners Artists c ommence the second phase of the project.2. Artists involved, nurse client feedback to the animation.3. strategy recognises alterations on draft and saves all the changes.4. System alerts client through an email notification, that changes have been made.5. Clients leave a comment providing feedback on the draft.6. System recognises notes or comments, left by the client.7. System alerts artists about client feedback.8. Artists apply required or final changes.9. Artists proceeds to the final redaction phase.10. System recognises final editing phase and saves all of the changes.11. Owners Artists uploads audio frequency in .wav format into animation.12. System applies audio into the animation and generates it into a final draft format.13. System notifies clients that the final alterations have been made.12. Clients notifies Owners that theyre happy with the final product.14. System recognises Clients response.15. System proceeds to packaging final product after confirmation of paym ent. option Courses5. System sends another alert to client to confirm changes made to the sick. If no confirmation is received, system then ceases further project work until Client responds. If client does not respond then within the required substance of time, project is then terminated.8. If Clients are still not happy with the changes, System alerts the Artists again to make changes.11. If Audio format isnt recognised, upload a asnd audio format instead.UploadingIf uploading process was interrupted by an meshing disruption (e.g. internet dying), restart the whole uploading process.If file cant be uploaded due to file size, import it through youtube or vimeo first then link it to the website.12. If Clients are not happy with the final product, System proceeds to alerting Artists and go back the editing stage in the system.15. If final payment is not received by Client, system, alerts Client again for payment to proceed. If no payment is processed system, then suspends Project.U se Case DiagramThis following use case diagram illustrates the overall current process of developing the animation. This process involves both owners, artists and clients cooperation, as both have to not only go what is needed to be done but to also work collaboratively.after organising the needs and requirements, as well as the artists who is right for the job, the first phase of the project is started. Together clients and the artists work together in a collaborative space where clients can give feedback and artists can edit or change what is necessary.After the first phase is done, the clients have to pay 15% advance(a) before the artists proceed to the next stage. The following stage is just the aforesaid(prenominal) as before, working collaboratively to finish the project with the designs and audio approved by the clients.Once the final project is approved by the clients, a payment of the remaining 85% is made before the animation is packaged for the client.Task 3Coordinatio n of Group and confluencesProject Team Minutes dah 1Project group Name J.K.M.TMeeting date 14/03/2017Meeting place RMIT construction 80Meeting chair Mariana Minute taker Mariana symbolize All squad members presentReport on activitiesWent through the panache and assigned tasks amongst team members.Mariana is first Scrum leaderGroup pick up into groups to complete each task.Jake and Tim Task 1Kim and Mariana Task 2Discussed what each team would doCreated a google drive and a Facebook page to share documents and correspondStarted question list to send to owners in regards to Sprint 1Teams started working on tasksAgreed to next see schedule study room for meeting 20/07/2017Action list for conterminous weekAction itemsPerson obligatedEach team work on taskSend email to owners with questions (before Friday 17/03/2017)Attend meeting on 20/03Email Clients about specifications of SprintAll team membersKimProject Team MinutesSprint 1Project team Name J.K.M.TMeeting date 20/03/2017Mee ting place RMIT building 80.10.004Meeting chair Mariana Minute taker Mariana Present Kim, MarianaReport on activitiesWent through what each group did for each taskMade recommendations and adjustments according to client specifications.Worked on USE CASE and made final editingMessaged other team members in regards to tasks that need to be completed executed a meeting for Tuesday 21/03/17 to finalized the Sprint -Meeting in 80.11.004 at 930amAction list for Next weekAction itemsPerson responsibleFinalize sections of each task and upload to DRIVEStart final draft, logo and final touches on USE CASEEmail Client in regards to questions about USE CASETask 3All team membersKim and MarianaKimMarianaProject Team MinutesSprint 1Project team Name J.K.M.TMeeting date 21/03/2017Meeting place RMIT building 80.11.004Meeting chair Mariana Minute taker Mariana Present Kim, MarianaReport on activitiesFinalised Sprint to present to ClientAction list for Next weekAction itemsPerson responsiblePrepare f or Sprint 2Arrange meeting time in tutorial for next SprintAll team membersProject PlanTask 1 describe2-3 processes using IPOSelect one process andoutline its locomote. Indicate the steps in which decision-making orperformance-monitoring are taking placeJakeandTim21/03/1721/03/17Task 2Use Casesa. Describe an spread out use case for one of the Actorsb. Draw a use case diagram for that ActorKimandMariana21/03/201720/03/17Task 3Scrum Team management and coordinationFinal draft of sprintMariana21/03/1721/03/17Sprint 1

Observation Of A Court Visit

Observation Of A move VisitOn 8th December 2009, I went to project the Stratford Magistrate Court with few friends for a attempt at 10. As I entered the cost I was checked for security reasons and to a fault had a radix check. I fetch visited this court before with a split up when I used to be at college so I was familiar with the surrounding. It was on an opening day when I last visited and the court gave the whole class a tour about simply however, I did not suck in a running play. This was my eldest time to observe a trial, which I was sounding really forward to.At the reception, we approached a doll who told us at that train is a eluding with police turn out in Court 5 so we refractory to wait for this case as it grabbed our attention. However, the spark advance was conjectural to start at 10 am and it had delayed up to an hour. We were hold at the wait room for the trail to start and few citizenry were time lag for their trails with their representations . A number of police military mangleicers were at that place seance around waiting to give evidence.I was getting really impatient to why the trail hasnt begun yet and looked at the notice board to see the parties account and it was written Syed Ali from Bethnal Green. I came back and sat down and in expect of me, I could see a guy looking really strain and walking around. My friends and I design this could be the suspect to whose trial we impart be observing. Finally, someone came out of the court 5 and called out for Syed Ali and the defendant who was at the waiting room we believed would be Syed Ali entered the court and we followed him into the state-supported wake section.When we entered, we sat down and then the magistrates entered and e reallyone stood up and sat back down. The trail of Syed Ali was short, the magistrates didnt explain what the offences were as they suck read it and told Syed he had to pay a fine of 100 cudgel and the charges against him would be dropped. He was bound to postponement peace for 6 months to which he had agreed after this the court was pink-slipped and the prosecution lawyer came out and told the police officer he had got a fine. I was wondering how come the police did not give any evidence as we were told.When I observed the five minute trial, I was not satisfied and wanted to watch a trial which is much in depth and has a lot of lawful issues attached to it. The case of Syed Ali did not expand in details and the court did not acknowledgement what the offences were which made it weighed down to understand the overall case. This case was rattling hard to understand when no legitimate issues were raised by the court and it was very simp disceptationic. So we went back to the reception and informed the lady that it was a very brief trail and wanted to see an another(prenominal) one. She took us to Court 3, where the trail was already in progress and told us to go in quietly. The parties of this case ar Mahmood and Hassan vs. Koppech.As soon as I entered there were more mess involved in this case and as I sat down a police officer named Pc merit was giving evidence and was talking about the incident. I was observing notwithstanding I didnt quite understand the facts of the case as I and entered. The police immediately was told to leave and to call for another police officer who was involved. In the court the three magistrates were at the bench and the clerk in front with both the prosecution and the defense lawyers facing the bench. On the right, at heart the box there were the defendants who were Asian males sitting with the interpreter. I recognised them from the waiting room. The victim was a white male sitting with a lady right in front of us.The Police officer enters for whom the court was waiting for. He walks to the witness box and reads out the oath and has some evidence in his hand and introduces himself to the court. His name is Pc Harris and that he works at the Forest Gate Police station. The Prosecution lawyer stands up and starts to lead the officer some questions related to the incident and what actually happened. The Officer starts off by explaining to the court how the white male was in the pavement in Essex road on Friday 10th October at 6.00pm. The defendant, Koppech was at a wadding stunt image and the two defendants, Mahmood and Hassan had also ripped his t-shirt off and throw paints on it. They were fighting with each other and then the two defendants went to a fully loaded skip where they picked up planks of wood and one of them had a nail on it and then they surrounded the white male at a 45 degree angle. Then at this particular turn the police described how he and his colleague came out of the vehicle and yelled out police get down repeatedly. The Police also solid ground that the defendants complied with the instructions straight away.The prosecution lawyer also asked what the police purpose would have happened if the police didnt approach at this particular time. The police replied that he believed the white male would have been in a bad state with bruises and attacked brutally, he showed the two pieces of wood to the court as evidence. The Police also had the T-shirt and jacket of the white male and showed the court how it was ripped apart and had paints and remains on it.The defence lawyer stood up and started asking the police if he believed that the defendants had the woods on their hand as a self defence and the police replied no comments. The police rounded the incident off by saying that he had escorted the other officer and white male and arrested the defendants and report them in the Plaistow police station. During the hearing of the case, someone stood up and said other cases be to be looked at and see if any cases should be considered or applied before giving a verdict on this case. The magistrates decided to put the defendants and the white male on bail until the next hearing.As I walked out of the court room, the defendants and the victim were walking out as well. I looked at the notice board for this case as I did not get a chance before and I earn what the lady meant when she mentioned about other cases. I could see a list of other cases all at the same time, which meant that various other cases where colligate to this case. When I stepped in to the waiting room, I could see the victim and the defendants sitting next to each other at the waiting room although the court warned that they should stay away from each other. I found it quite un standardised how the two parties were next to each other. In a case worry this normally a fight would kick in but these pile were behaving as if they didnt know each other but however, they were just stare at each other.Both Court rooms I accompanied was very small and it did not have much space for public sitting and it contained three justices of peace but however, the waiting room was quite big with few benches where many people were sitting down on and some of the people seemed really tensed, which showed that they were here for a trial but not everyone was formally dressed and I assumed the ones with a unremarkable look were here for other reasons but that wasnt entirely true.As this was a very small court, there wasnt really serious cases heard in this magistrate court and someone told me that if I wanted to hear a more dramatic case I should attend a hearing at the Thames Magistrate Court situated in Bow, where more action is likely to bourgeon place and it is not very far to get to. The Court world small does have an effect on its proceedings as they dont have really serious cases heard and I could see that some of the youths who came for the trial were dressed casually, which shows how serious people were about going for a trial.My first impression of the court was that it was not organised as I had thought it would have been. They havent followed the timetable, which was set by t he court itself. It just gave the impression of how lay back the court was, which led to many people waiting for the trial to start. I could see a lot of intense on peoples prospect and people were feeling really agitated. The court was very busy as people were walking around the aisle, which is also the place to wait for the trail. It wasnt as noisy as I had expected to be with the number of people but people were quiet and anxious for the proceeding to go ahead. overall the Magistrates court solves pitiful cases by the people who have no effective knowledge on law, which shows that justice is more likely to homecoming place as it is unlikely to be biased as these people are not professionals but are normal people just like the members of the public. This relates to the English Legal System as the Magistrates Court is where the criminal cases are first heard and if any of the parties are not satisfied with the verdict then they can appeal to the Court of Appeal or have their case heard at the Crown Court. Magistrates court is where 95% of criminal cases are dealt with.The court plays a huge role in the English legal system, firstly, vast majority of criminal cases in the English legal system are heard by the magistrates. The lay magistrates have the indorsement to give sentence up to 6 months or a 5,000 pound fine. This lets the higher courts to focus on more serious cases. The magistrates court helps the legal system to work faster as it is easier for a trial to take place in a magistrates court then it is to a bakshish court and the cost of a magistrates court is less expensive than a crown court, which helps the cases to reach a quicker verdict.Total number of speech communication 1,781

The Current Trends In Hotel Industry Tourism Essay

The Current Trends In Hotel Industry Tourism EssayIneconomics, a runis an nonphysicalcommodity. More specifically, military t picture serve argon an intangible equivalent ofeconomic goods. It sets a onetime benefit delivered from the accountable swear out provider, mostly in close coactions with his internal and external service suppliers, effectuated by distinct functions of technical systems and by distinct activities of individuals, respectively, commissioned agree to the necessitate of his service consumers by the service client from the accountable service provider, rendered each to an authorized service consumer at his/her dedicated trigger, and, finally, consumed and utilized by the triggering service consumer for executing his/her upcoming production line activity or private activity.The record of the service, strategies for improvement, and take the customers perception of having that is very popular among investigateers everywhere the past dickens decades (f or examples, leonard and sasser, 1982 lock timberland, 1996 johns and lee-ross, 1998). Increases the rising(prenominal) hand, the developing economic importance of the service sector in m any countries has been in lineament initiatives including guided cent annoy based European Foundation for Quality Management. numerous hospitality, tourism organization wee-wee taken this challenge focuses on customer orientation employee performance in the interface, the identification of the centrality of meeting serviceBy this definition, customer / employee inter imagines nourish the potential for conflicts. In a service context that feeling crumb non be met exactly, but it provides a cautionary note for Service Manager, because the customers perception of product quality continuative ofttimes depends on the interaction between customers and employees.The History of Hotels From Economic To extravaganthttp//www.searchandgo.com/travel/hotels-history.phpThe hotel has a very long histor y, but not as we k now it nowa sidereal days, ski binding in the 6th Century began to develop BC, when the world-class inn in and a di lately the city of London. The graduation exercise match for travelers, offer them a simple roof to stay. This condition of the hotel was long ahead the industrial revolution in England, the untested ideas and outgrowths made in the field to constrain the inn. The invention of the steam engine to travel even much meaning(a). Who had much and more pile atomic number 18 traveling not only for business but as well for the sake of recreation. This pass on lead to the actual development of the hotel fabrication, as we know it today. Hotel today not only provide the elemental fates of customers, such(prenominal) as food and shelter much more personalized be given such as hotels, etc. are now a home a charge from home.Evidence of the hotels and restaurants has as far back as biblical times, when Mary and Joseph arrived in Bethlehem c ollected during the census. As shown in the Bible, Mary and Joseph were refused accommodations because it. No fashion in the inn Since the dawn of time, people have traveled for trade, religion, family, health, immigration, education and recreation.Such as Texas Tech University, cited the word of honor hospitality from the Latin root meaning host or hospice. The University has also noted that the first hotels were only private homes unfold to the public. Most regrettably had a bad reputation. Under the enamor of the Roman Empire and eat and hotels catering to the delight of travelers began in an effort to encourage visitors.The first social club in America was recorded in 1607 and paves the way for many early(a) firsts in the hospitality persistence. The first hotel of the public (City Hotel), owned in refreshed York opened in 1792. The first modern (Tremont) opened in capital of Massachusetts in 1809 and the hotel first opened (Buffalo Statler) in 1908.Current trends in h otel laborHospitality Industry continued to transplant, which has made it more practical and operative in the world The types of services and facilities that are offered by the great industry and has emerged from the past decade. tout ensemble this is possible because of the widespread use of applied science, environment warm services, pricing, marketplace division, regional preferences, etc. The relation of technology and hospitality industry allow for grow stronger in the courses to come. The use of technology is give up in all departments of the hotel, the upgrade reflects the motion of the hotel services.http//www.indiaprwire.com/pressrelease/leisure-travel/20120419117728.htmKeeping the full in style(p) trend in the memory of the hospitality industry, KONEKT V4 application that you would definitely fate to explore. This is the application that get out help you reach your customers in one click. The master(prenominal) attraction is the dashboard application. Is an u nconventional marketing tracker is sensitive facts giving gauzy to give you the latest campaigns and activities conducted by you. The time, name and modus operandi of customers who liked your Facebook page, force your table reservation, you asked for any questions or comments about your application also lav track comments on the resembling pageCRM systems help you to increase the publicize campaigns for events, and you bathroom send informative mailers to customers, after core build your brand. It is a system that gets on all digital platforms and databases also you can get more for clients achieve your Hotel, Restaurant and Resorts. It is the only system to commingle the old with the new database, so that you can get, its data in a single view. It works perfectly with the iPhone and iPad systems. It is construct in a way that let you miss any opinion or report, even when youre away(predicate)Travelers increasingly will turn to their prompt devices not only research acco mmodation and travel options, but to book and communicate directly with the hotel options. engagement mobile channel has been multiplied by four between 2008 and 2010 according to Forrester Research. In addition, Google provides the mobile PC that exceed the device the most car park internet access by 2013 To smart phones and tablets travel at a rapid pace, it is imperative for hoteliers to use their website for mobile capture potential mobile transactions.Revenue vigilance has changed since the days it was first introduced by the airline industry in 1970 to be a complex science today. Managers always lowering prices to stimulate sales when demand is low and prices have risen during periods of bank bill demand. Hotels are now able to update prices for all succeeding(a) comer dates to meet the market demands every day, through the application of advanced market information. TravelClick has reported passenger demand and visualize group bookings a year in advance. In addition, th e Smith Travel Research reports that will presently provide information by waitressing at future bookings, preferably than historical figures that. (By Robert A. Rauch, CHA)http//ehotelier.com/hospitality-news/item.php?id=P22373Gueridon a form of service in restaurants food service to their customers is provided. This type of service includes the preparation of food (mainly salads, main dishes such as beef stroganoff, or desserts) in direct view of the customer, with a round table. A table usually consists of a trolley equipped for cooking, preparing and destiny food. There is a gas stove, cutting board, cutlery drawer, cold room (depending on the type of carriage) region and for general working capital.Dishes such as these are largely Crepes Suzette, Caesar Salad, Cherries Jubilee, and banana flamb steak tartarRead morehttp//www.cooksinfo.com/gueridon-serviceixzz2Dq1Y1MxT afterlife Trends of hotel industryThe hotel industry is in the midst of a transformation that affects clo se to all aspects of the industry and its stakeholders. Essences the transformation of the hotel industry is ever-changing its approach to turn more think on the customer and brand insentive. Product and contribute services are developed around the perceived needs and desires of the customer for customer satisfaction. In the future, the focus will be customer focused to a level that transcends medical examinations. It will focus on the stimulated and psychological needs and wants more precisely defined target audience. Hotels indeed use this knowledge to market a wide range of products and services through strong brands to a loyal customer for life. nigh ramifications of changes will be made as reserves, trading activities and game taste information will be more automated. There will be a greater personal guest of technology accurate and fast service. work and mobile technologies will be prompted to supply any service in the property. Supports functions such as accounting, h uman resources, reservations, etc. will be centralized at the place the most profitable worldwide.Medium sized hotels will be taken by brand chain like the Sheraton, vacation Inn, Ramada, etc. while location will be the priority to lead a hotel by future traveler, brand names will be the next preference.Another aspect of future trends would be fusion of cuisines. The cut started this trend with the Nouvelle Cuisine mixing eastern food products with western ones. Fusions restaurant will grow as the new adventurous public will search for new gastronomic make loves.(Intro to Hospitality TourismBy Sudhir Andrews)http//books.google.co.in/books?id=PrRdc5SI_R4Cpg=PT188dq=future+of+hospitality+industryhl=ensa=Xei=H327UJX5I8LsrAfKg4HgAgved=0CDYQ6AEwAAAbunkhouse is a youth hostel or barracks-like edifice that historically was used to cowboys working on ranches in North America. like most cowboys were young single men, the standard bunkhouse was a large open room with narrow beds or cot s for each individual and little privacy. The bunkhouse of the late 19th century was generally heated by a wood stove and personal needs were attended to in an outbuilding.A abridgement hotel is a type of hotel, developed in Japan, which is a large number of very small rooms (capsules) cheap and easy accommodation for guests who do not require offers the services of more conventional hotel services offered.A condo hotel, also cognise as the hotel-condo or a Condotel, is a building used as a hotel and two condominium. Condo hotels are usually proud-rise buildings developed and operated as luxury hotels in study cities and resorts in general. These residential units which allow someone to have a pass full service. If they do not use this home can be used to ensure that the marketing and way of the hotel chain and fight the condo unit than any other hotel room is.Anice hotelis a fugitivehotelmade up ofsnow, sculpted blocks ofice, and, in some cases, some vane framing. They are promoted by their sponsors and have special features for travelers who are interested in novelties and unusual environments, and thus are in the class ofdestination hotels. Their lobbies are often filled withice sculptures, and food and drinks are specially elect for the circumstances.A pop-up hotel is a hotel that is temporary, being in one place for a short period before being moved. These hotels can be constructed from prefabricated modules that are connected together on site or from removable structures such as tents or they can be completely mobile, being built on a large vehicle. These hotels provide accommodation for seasonal events or unique such as music festivals in the outdoors.A Turbaza is, generally the Soviet era, the Russian form of cheap, spartan, holiday, a visit or a base camp tour. Turbazas are generally rented to groups or companies who rent the entire facility for holiday accommodation Oops for their members or employees. They are gene rally rustic located in ru ral areas that offer outdoor recreation. Eat, sleep, and often is housed in a large open space and common.A love hotelis a type of short-stay hotel found around the world operated primarily for the decision of allowing couples privacy forsexual activities.(Schreiber, Mark, Back to the future of a hotel for 2001,Japan propagation, 16 January 2011, pp. 7-8).http//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ folkHotel_typesManagers problemsIn the hotel managers are responsible for all management of human resources, or as appropriate, all managers have the responsibility to understand their human resources. When providing services to our clients, our primary resource is our people, our workers, our employees. Successful hospitality managers must be able to work with people. We need to develop guidance of people in our management approach. As a manager with responsibilities for human resources, your concern is that people of their needs, wants, and desires fit the needs and desires of the hotel company.We d efine managers as the implementation of strategies, plans and programs to attract, motivate, develop, reward and retain the scoop people to meet the objectives of the organization.Mike Hurst also emphasizes the role of management changes over management in the past and in conduit. The hospitality is based on the gift of friendship friendly people who care, it has become imperative in a service management concentrate on the benefits to the people and his style.The managers of today have earned a place of respect for their contribution to organisational value. The contemporary role of managers with the human resources responsibilities is a critical one to any hospitality organization. Most of the people spends more than one-third of their waking hours at their jobs, and as a manager you will reserve the decision that affects and influence the lives, dreams, goals and ambitions of these individual and their families.Manager in the hospitality industry participate in strategic plannin g sessions, understand financial documents relating to the work and the bottom line. Many managers in the host organization is part of the management team. The managers role is more important than ever before in the hospitality industry. It is up to us to keep management informed of what their needs and desires of people to be productive, and to be faithful.There are some things that came into consideration to keep them loyal management should recognize the importance of balancing work and personal life. An opportunity to grow within the organization. A better explanation of employee benefit. A feeling that their coworker have the necessary skills to do their jobs.(Mary L. Tanke, march 2000)http//books.google.co.in/books?id=1PcrHgw-FO0Cpg=PA4dq=problems+faced+by+managers+in+hospitality+industryhl=ensa=Xei=hDK6UM_TIcrWrQfDqYDQDQved=0CDYQ6AEwAAv=onepageq=problems%20faced%20by%20managers%20in%20hospitality%20industryf=trueThe globalization of labor and continuing advances in technology are changing the way the labor market. Knowledge workers are known for their special properties. These are people who analyze, synthesize and evaluate information to act upon different problems. Knowledge workers actually use their intelligence, ideas, products, services and cropes to implement. Your most important asset of an organization is its ability to collect and analyze data and make decisions that benefit company (Jyothi, 2010), (Bohlander G. a., 2009)Technology has had a positive effect on the internal processes of an organization, but also changed the way the work of the HR staff. Some managers in the hospitality industry will see the application of technologies to practicable issues as a problem. It is true that technological systems used in the bar, previous office, restaurants, etc. much more advanced and complex than those currently unattached only for a short time, continue to grow, these systems quickly. The approval of the computer and other technologies from all levels of an organization is a major challenge in view of the sponsoring organizations. For example, if the systems are updated and new technologies have made the workers struggle to adapt. It is not a positive attitude towards it. (Bohlander G. a., 2009), (Hayes, 2009)The economic environment is very unpredictable and implementing change processes for each organization to make progress. Globalization and technology are the two main factors that drove the change in todays organizations. Globalization has opened new doors for business opportunities. It has led to many interventions, but also for how reform, reorganization, merger, downsizing, etc., in vagabond to succeed, companies need to make these changes that have taken place with staff to manage the challenges occur. Change Management Sun is working smoothly for the vital organization. To do this, for example, when the new software is installed, which allows you to install the company has knowledge workers refuse to work on it. (Bohlander G. a., 2009)Due to the shortage of workers in the industry and the defection of customers of the quality of service that is affected. If the workload increases the performance of the employee moves. By too much work pressure, reduces the employees performance and, in turn, affects the quality of service.It is very important to overcome the unlike challenges faced by the organization to success. Company is now a day to develop the human resource function, because the meaning of HRM have been seen in the highly competitive market that exists today. In todays world of increased competition in the local and global. To succeed, businesses become stronger, more flexible and customer-oriented. Hr after for these changing market trends is adjusted.(Karan, Challenges faced by HR in the hotel industry, 2009).http//www.ukessays.com/essays/management/challenges-faced-by-hr-in-indian-hospitality-industry-management-essay.php ply turnover is critical for a hotel, especially if yo u have a high quality hotel as we do. The goal of our hotel is on exceptional customer service that will exceed customer expectations, and therefore, we invest heavily in our people. A high rate of staff turnover has an immediate effect in the hotel industry, particularly in the areas of customer service, and therefore we can not unfold to lose a single employee. The rate of staff turnover in the hospitality industry is generally higher than in other sectors. genius reason for this is that many of our employees are students to work at the hotel is a first step in a move for them, and as soon as they graduate from the institute, they may consider working in their field of specialization. (Jason C. Cho, 14 June 2011)The hotel industry has a high turnover, which decreases productivity and costs companies time and resources. A number of factors affect the fluctuation in the hotel and one of the reasons is ineffective in recruiting. Identify many hotels and difficult to recruit the ri ght people. Hotel staff need advanced knowledge of beverages, which are difficult to measure for recruiters during the interview. However, recruiters develop enlisting strategies that will identify the best opportunities and recruit the best workers. Do you understand what a candidate looking at the recruitment stage can help the hotel staff turnover. (Rose Johnson, 2008)Read morehttp//www.themoscowtimes.com/business_for_business/article/staff-turnover-in-the-hotel-industry-two-realities/438729.htmlixzz2DpWNZeiuThe Moscow TimesTo overcome this staff turnover keep in mind hardly a(prenominal) thing. Which help in reduction on turnover.Understanding why employees leave. All organizations should conduct a confidential face-to-face exit interview with a HR manager (instead of the boss). Benchmark your company against current industry and geographical location. If you work in a restaurant business, you will naturally have a much higher turnover than auditing and consulting firm. Contex t and location are key. Set clear promotion and development policies that are transparent and fair. If an employee feels they do not progress in their role, and has no control over career development, after a certain time they will begin to look externally for a new position. Develop effective workplace policies and nourish a positive culture. Opened on appeal, bullying and harassment, the employee should be in an environment where employees feel confident to communicate about reporting problems. drop in people management training for executives. This will enable them to not only support and reward employees effectively, but also to intervene before small problems or escalating workloads are a reason for leaving..http//www.caterersearch.com/Articles/02/06/2010/333690/How-to-manage-staff-turnover.htmThe recruitment process can only be doing well if only the organization understands its requirements. The candidates should be selected according to the requirements of the organization . Different strategies are required for focusing on hiring high performers and average performers. The strategy has to be clear about the amount of experience they require. It can range from an experienced senior professional to a new fresher. It should also describe as in from which industry they require the employee. That is from the same industry, different industry, employed or unemployed professionals.

Reflective practice is an integral part of developing skills to improve

wistful figure is an integral smash of developing skills to improve pensive writing is as a medium for an individuals wistful capacity to be communicated and examined both essentially and externally. Self directed selecting is stress by dint of reflective writing as students engage in a to a greater extent holistic approaching which uncovers the reasons shag their actions.Experience and learningMoon (2004) emphasised that an individual depose both reflect in order to learn or learn as a result of reflecting. with experiencing smart places medical exam students are able to learn and develop bare-ass skills provided the level of learning depends on the depth of reflecting of the experience. This is often why coefficient of notice is described as learning finished experience. watching of an experience is associated with cloudy learning where the student is able to gain more insight into the decisions behind the actions involved. (Marton,Hounsell, Entwistle 1984) By learning with experience students are able to take on previous comeledge which covers a solid knowledge build that send packing be applied to ever-changing situations and which experiences can be raddled from. Learning does not stop at observation precisely involves the changing in decision devising work ates and actions that reprehension should bring about in future situations. What is learnt from formula must be put into approach pattern for it to be effective.Kolb (1984) proposed that Learning does not result from having an experience but occurs when an experience is examined, reviewed and reflected upon. This process allows a connection to make water mingled with guess and actions where an experience involves preparation, action, reflection and connection back to previous knowledge. Refection involves lifelong learning as the changing nature of medicine and ethical concerns continues to challenge practitioners.Emotions and ReflectionWilliam (2002) said Action s are so much more powerful if they arise from both feelings and thoughts. Reflection involves the process of thought and examining emotions and how they affected a situation. Emotions are an integral fall in of any experience and it is through reflective practice that the impact emotions has on a situation comes to light. Practitioners have to struggle with many different situations that can cause psychological and emotional strain. Reflective writing allows emotions to be dealt with and not compressed. Through communicateing personal feelings practitioners are able to be more focused and conscious which can increase their capacity to feel empathy for patients situations. Empathy makes patients feel more understood and heard and through reflective writing the promotion of understanding of patients situations and vulnerabilities can be achieved. (Squier 1998)Negative feelings can hinder performance through self doubt and lack of confidence but through reflecting on negative ex periences these emotions can be used to improve performance and gain ground self directed learning. (Olckers, Gibbs, Duncan 2007) Reflective writing allows students to use emotion in their writing which assist in overcoming psychological and emotional barriers which they whitethorn verbalism and provides an opportunity to examine potential moral consequences of an action. Reflective writing allows students to deal with their emotions instead of suppressing them and allows the ontogenesis of strategies to deal and express emotions in different settings. This promotes a sense of practitioner wellbeing where the mental, emotional and spiritual health of practitioners is looked after. Through reflecting on emotions a connection between the medical profession pass on the rest of society is built where there is less risk of practitioners comme il faut detached and intolerant.Reflection and learning in the ProfessionsReflection in the medical practice can be viewed from three directions reflection-on action, reflection-in action and reflection-for action. (Killion, Todnem ,1991)Donald Schon (1983) developed theory of reflective professional practice by developing reflective- in and reflective-on action. Reflection- in action involves connecting past experience, feelings and knowledge to a current situation. This process allows new insight and understanding to be naturalised in relation to the situation which go out influence the decisions make by the medical practitioner as the situation develops. This type of reflection is particularly important to medical practitioners who vista complex and new situations regularly and who need to make fast dead-on(prenominal) decisions and actions. (Schon 1983)Reflection-on action involves reflecting on a situation that has occurred and analysing decisions made to determine weaknesses or attainable improvements that could be implemented in future practice. This form of reflection is often only undertaken when something goe s badly or not to plan but it is essential for reflection to take place after experiences that went well to fully reflect on an individuals strengths and weaknesses.There is also pr-action reflection which describes a form of reflection before an action is taken. This form of reflection aims to prepare professionals to be able to deal with situations where there may be no sequence to reflect in action so it becomes important to reflect forward to action. (Mann, Gordon and MacLeod, 2009)Reflection prior to action is often done unconsciously where future workable actions are accessed and evaluated and goals are set. In medicine if prior knowledge of patients assure is known research through literature, past case studies and communication with former(a) health professions can result so that possible conditions which may be award can be dealt with. Reflection for action can be used to view the situation from a variety of perspective not just from ones self. It can include perspect ives of the patient, other health professional and text edition based knowledge. This form of reflection can reduce mistakes and prepare practitioners for possible unforeseen circumstances. (Keith Ong 2011)Reflection and Personal DevelopmentReflective practice is a key skill for medical students to develop and continue to use passim their medical careers. Reflective practice assists medical students and practitioners to cut down their ability and continually challenge their own decisions making process. The goal of reflection according to Epstein, should be to develop not only ones knowledge and skills, but also habits of heading that allow for informed flexibility, ongoing learning and humility, (full text1 19) Personal and professional development is an integral part of the medical profession. This development is cultivated by reflective practice which allows self-assessment and professional identity to be uncovered. Professional identity is established through reflective writ ing as a medium for practitioners to express their own voice and perspective, and clarify and refine personal values which may be competing or conflicting to others. (Shapiro 2006)Through becoming more self- aware reflective practice allows practitioners to become more engaged and aware during clinical encounters and improve clinical reasoning. This is why reflection has close links to fail-safe practice as critical though has been put into decisions allowing care to be solely patient based. (Bansman 95). Critical examination of decisions allows problem solving skills to call down which contributes to more effective treatment of patients.Reflection assists in guiding present and future decisions and actions in a competent and knowledgeable way through allowing new experiences to draw on pervious situations to increase understanding of patients and to decease empathy towards them. (Wald 2010) Reflective writing improves clinicians stores of empathy, reflection, and courage Writing that affects the reader is art (Charon 2004) Reflective practice is shown to have many benefits for practitioners not only through clinical skill improvements but assisting in developing the whole person by developing interpersonal skills. Practitioners improve skills of empathy as they are more aware of their patients and their own emotions and how those emotions may effect the consultation or decision made by the patient.Reflective practice allows a connection to form between technical and knowledge based facets and emotional aspects. It aims to develop personal skills which will enhance and engage technical learning and performance in a clinical setting. Through assessing the bigger picture though reflective practice students are able to deal with more complex and unforseen issues.The process of reflectionReflection may be difficult to teach (Stimson 2009, Roberst 2009) although reflective frameworks can assist in engaging individuals with reflective practices and developing sk ills for future internal reflection. Reflection in a practical setting needs to be continuous for the knowledge uncovered during reflection to be translated into action. Gibbs (1988) created the Five stages of reflection model which can be used as a guide for reflective writing. This model represents the cycle that reflective practice is a part of. The five steps of this model include describe, reflect, research and analyse, decide, act and evaluate. Brookfield (1987) approach to reflection involves using the view points of a number of different perspectives know as the four lenses. It involves researching, analysing and connecting through critical reflection.ConclusionReflective practice is an important attribute for undergraduate medical students as it increases self-awareness, refines problem making skills and prepares students to deal with complex, unpredictable situations. Through reflection students are able to refine their clinical skills by recognising their strengths and we aknesses which develops personal competence and identity. Although reflection takes time and ride the long term benefits create a more competent and human practitioner

Legend of Corn :: Free Essays

Chippewa is a sm both Native American sort out live up north. Their whole life of living is base on raising corn, hunting, fishing and tobacco is self entertainment. One day, they found a baby near the shore future(a) to the canoe they arrogatet know where the baby comes from but the kindness heart run in their blood, they decide to raise the baby. They also believe, in order to raise to a fine young man, everyone in the village must look after(prenominal) him, teach him how to be one good man. They gave the baby to grandma, and also his mother, as the primarily be on his side. Zhomin, the new baby, they teach him how to swim, how to hunt animal, how to be a fisherman, paddle the canoe, accept your mistake and learn from it, listen to the elder. The male child did everything as his elder tell him as well as. At night he ceaselessly begs his mother tell story, he wants to know everything. As day kaput(p) by, the boy grow to be a man, his mother now is too old, she dying. His mother belief in supernatural and she is a sacred person, non just an ordinary mother, she knows what depart happen in the future, like all other elders in the village they know something that most people dont. Before she dies she told Zhomin, an outsider will come to this village and look for you, you will do what he wants you to do, never reject. An outsider, Mandabin comes to the village to look for hero in the village to challenge. Zhomin must meets his destiny, must accept Mandabin challenge, thats his mother example code. They fight night by nights, at last, Mandabin has come to his last breath, he told Zhomin bury him next to his mother as his final request. Zhomin buried Mandabin next to his mother and accept Mandabin as his friend, he light the fires up four-spot days and nights to pray his friend.

The Horrific Ending to Poes The Cask of Amontillado :: Cask Amontillado Essays

The Horrific Ending to Poes The bbl of Amontillado End of the story is horrifying and shocking Montresor traps and entombs living Fortunato behind the brick wall. The dupe cries to the executioner For the love of God(Poe, 214) but the only respond is dry repeat of his own words. The story contains really strong and drastic images. consist burial practice is beyond any critic and was once a practiced form of capital punishment. The historical context of this practice whitethorn indicate that Fortuanto wounded profoundly his fri stop over. This wound must have been re divisioned and reconsidered since the end of the story reveals narrators truly strong emotions hidden hatred, and cold anger. Montresor implies that his rival, a member of the Freemasons, is responsible for his loss of status, happiness, love, and respect You are rich, respected, admired, beloved you are happy, as once I was(Platinzky, par 3). But this is a very shadowy ex envisionation because the author doesnt giv e and specific details. When he completes his revenge plan he seems to be satisfied with his deed, and words In pace requiescat (Poe, 244) sardonically emphasize his feelings and thoughts. It is difficult to determine what is more drastic Fortunatos death, atmosphere of something unexpected, horrible, mysterious, and insincerity, turned words, and betrayal, sarcasm, ironic, and pretended politeness, cold, calculated hatred. All of these images reveal the sophisticated cruelty of the protagonist. On the other side did Fortunato authentically do what he was accused of? Did Montresor was really right in his claims? If so, why Fortuanto was naive enough to accompany his enemy in the trip to vaults, to drink wine? Wine is a symbolism of joy, consent, friendship, and companionship, but in this story is a very painful target of betrayal. Maybe Montresor enlarged in his imagination Fortunatos real (or imagined) faults? Perhaps this ideal story cover indirectly difficult problem of fa lse, because both protagonists were very insincere persons. In this context the end of the story shows that both corrupt protagonists failed, even Montresor, who achieved his goal. The end of the story is truly scary, and the most noticeable whimsy is the strength of hatred, negative emotions and feelings towards Fortuanto. I think that this kind of emotion is very destructive for a person who experiences it.

The Godmother of All the Pretty Horses Essay -- Essays Papers

The Godmother of All the Pretty Horses In analysis of the mention, Duena Alfonsa, in the novel All the Pretty Horses by Cormac McCarthy, facets of her character are understandably revealed. From her physical deformity to her feelings of her father keeping her exiled in her own country, 72 year old Alfonsa is filled with a lifetime of complex situations. Her character was consistent and motivational in wisdom and provided greatness in her berth in the novel. She is a grandaunt and godmother of Alejandra, a young teenager up to now in school. The Duena, one could say, is the Godfather of the novel. She literally goes to the mattresses in protecting her grandniece from a man.After seventy-two years of life, Alfonsa speaks of her lifes experiences at an elevated level of knowledge. She is formal, polite, and liberal of assuredness. McCarthy describes Alfonsas appearance as an elegance chilling (McCarthy 227). Her knowledge came from reading books. McCarthy writes of Alfonsa, By the time I was sixteen I had read many books and I had become a freethinker (McCarthy 232). Alfonsas complexity included her physical deformity. She describes the liberation of her last two fingers of her left hand in a guessing accident when she was seventeen years old where the barrel of the gun change integrity while she was shooting for live pigeons. This placed her with several perspectives. Two of her perspectives in becoming deformed were, first, it lead her to the feelings...

Articles of confederation Essay -- essays research papers

Articles of fusion vs. ConstitutionThe Articles of Confederation and the Constitution, although vastly antithetical in their philosophies of governing the nation, both played a big procedure in setting the stage for Americas economy in the upcoming nineteenth century. A few years after the Articles of Confederation were drafted many politicians and economists, such as Alexander Hamilton, began to see problems with the decentralized physical body of government that was created by this document. These advocates of a more centralized government were referred to as federalists, and although they were not in favor of a dictatorship, like that of Englands, they saw the direct for a central governing system to reside over the person states. In the Federalists opinion some of the detrimental consequences of the confederate system were the overlook of an organized treasury, military or government system. Furthermore, the nation suffered from poor handicraft a result of insecure finan cial transactions, non-regulated interstate trade, and poorly implement tax laws. They believed that instead of ridding the country of oppression by a outstanding government, the Articles of Confederation creates conflict between the states and hinders economic prosperity. The emergence of these difficulties early in the life of our nation indicated, to those in favor of the constitution, the fundamental imperfections and the dire hire for reform. Hamilton a...

Entrapment and Confinement :: essays research papers

good deal encounter restrictions and restraints daily doors, walls, gates. The most frequently used and arduous atomic number 18 those that are intangible, be it in a job or brotherly life, whether physical or emotional, literal or figurative. Both the tangible and intangible are waitn in Charlotte Perkins Gilmans The Yellow Wallpaper and John Steinbecks The Crysanthemums. Though written by members of the opposite sex, both authors are able to capture the savours of physical and emotional imprisonment that causes a gradual moral breakdown. The Yellow Wallpaper traces the treatment of a woman who descends from depression to indulgence in the male-imposed psychiatric confinement of her room, while the wife, Elisa, in The Crysanthemums, reflects an internal seek with herself to find her place in a world of definite sexual practice roles. The situations of the two women are similar talents and dreams, hopes and desires, shunned by the economizes and times of the women, which leads to hysteria though similar, the women to conduct themselves ways drastically different from one another, which determines whether the women lose their sanity.The vote counter in The Yellow Wallpaper and Elisa Allen of The Crysanthemums both have husbands who deception the idea of knowing what their wives want and need. With such attitudes and beliefs, these men contribute to the feeling of confinement that ultimately leads to the loss of sanity of their wives. The narrators husband also assumes that he knows what is best for his wife. He conceive ofs isolation and confinement pull up stakes cure her nervous depression. Nevertheless, this cure makes her weak it transforms her into a woman gone mad. On the way to dinner, Elisa asks her husband about the fights and his immediate solution is, We can go if you want, but I dont think you would like them much. He cannot fathom the idea that she may actually have a go at it this non-feminine event.The two women follow the patter n of those going mad eventually, they begin to see things and form relationships with the public figures that reside only in their minds. The narrator gives into the figments of her imagination and begins to change this thing she imagines behind the wallpaper as a hallucinogenic image of herself. This woman becomes a deadly combination best friend and trounce enemy. She views the woman as trapped, and, in order to destitute herself from this non-fulfilling life, she must free the woman. Elisa also receives an uninvited guest, a tinker who she perceives as the unblemished emblem of freedom.

Neuroenhancers: Are they the answers for our problems? Essay -- Health

In the article, Brain Gain by Marg bet Talbot, it illustrates the growing underground world of neuroenchancing drugs. In her article, she writes about more and more flock ar taking neuroenhancers to improve their cognitive functions. People are taking neuroenhancers beca white plague they feel pressure to compete and perform well in this disagreeable guild. Talbots articles shows how this society has become so obsessed with efficiency and is so competitive that they are making justifiable reasons to take these neuroenhancers. These neuroenhancers are drugs that supposed to be used by people who suffer from cognitive disorders. The use of neuroenhancers for competitive gain is wrong on so many levels. It is unethical, and causes physical and philosophical risks. These risks outweigh the potential gains of these neuroenhancers.The use of neuroenhancers for competitive gain, not for intercession of a disorder is unethical. Neuroenhancers like Adderall and Ritalin are used to dole out a people disorder that disrupts their normal cognitive functions and are wretched from serious cognitive disorders. (Talbot 2) Now more and more over-committed people are taking these drugs to become higher functioning and more committed. (Talbot 2) They are taking these drugs to organize the impossible to the possible. Also, these drugs are used by people who cadaverous their time too busy partying and engaging in activities that are noisome to their performances. They are too busy partying and being high that they use these neuroenhancers drugs to make up for their fun. (Talbot 2) They are too busy participating in otherwise activities that they neglect their academic work which is the purpose of college. These students are cheating and victimization these drugs to get ... ...n life that they have to be on smart drugs. Also, this society is always putting the image of perfection into peoples head. convey to this societal pressure there are demands for drugs like Ad derall. Neuroenhancers are not the answers of our problems. Neuroenhancers are dangerous at so many levels. It causes physical, mental and philosophical harm. They are used by lazy people who have unretentive time management skills and who doesnt want to do hard work. This shows how often our society has fallen. It resorted to drugs to make life easier. No one wants to make sacrifices or put hours of hard work. They want everything delivered to them. They dont care what are the neuroenhancers are doing to their body. They feel the award is worth the risk. Hopefully users will run across what are they doing and stop using neuroenhancers before their health are negatively affected.

Global Economy And The Environment Essay -- essays research papers

Global Economy and the EnvironmentAs the planetary economy gets integrated, national or local corporationswill gradually exchange in to a multinational corporation (MNC). When thistype of development occurs, the host countries are usually the ones that becomethe immediate stake holders. This is because when a MNC sets its tail into ahost country, there are economic, political, social and environmental impactsthat will from their corporate actions. In many cases, it is certainlypossible that it can wipeout up in a win-win situation, if the host country and theMNCUs both relieve oneself mutually. However there ease up been unfortunate examples, wherethis has not been the case.In general, internationalist agreements have its advantages, due to thefact that we can harmonize international standards. whence environmentalconcern is one of the key issues that the policy makers and MNCUs should set ahigh priority on. This is because growth and development is strongly correlatedwith environmental degradation. Furthermore, it is fair to say that the MNCUsare more likely to have a more harmful environmental impact from growth anddevelopment, as unconnected to the local corporations. This is because MNCUs maynot be as knowledgeable as local corporations in resource utilization and landmanagement. This also refers to the capriciousness of Rthe locals know their landbetter than anybody elseS. The tropical rain forest of brazil is a good exampleof this. The RindigenousS or the local people have a g...

Revo Of 1905 :: essays research papers

At the turn of the twentieth carbon, Russia was a mirthful society, still stratifiedinto nobility and peasantry. The Russian people seemed to be as immovable asthe dark ground which they farmed, welded to the ground by centuries ofstruggle. magic spell the Europeans fought political battles, the Russians wrestledagainst the cold and starvation. Four decades earlier, Czar Alexander II subscribethe Emancipation Manifesto which freed the serfs from ownership by thenobles.1 He had hoped to fin totallyy bring Russia come in of the dark ages. Hisbureaucracy continued to elevate the peasants by making all classes of societyequal under the law and increasing the availability of education.2 Nevertheless,the inconsolable People of Russia remained in their darkness, understanding slimbesides their own beingness in the context of their communes. The communeoriented nature of the Russian peasants make Russia a prime target forMarxist revolutionaries. The uniquely backward coating of Rus sia spawned asingularly Russian form of Marxism, Narodnichestvo. Russian intellectuals ofthe 19th century felt that the socialist revolution must come from the uprising ofthe rude peasant masses, rather than through the proletariat of the cities. Thepeasants were remarkably unreceptive to subversive agitators. They wereblind to events fall outside of their own commune. More often than not, theagitators were run out of town by suspicious peasants. 3 By 1900, the remnantsof the Narodonik philosophy had break up into the Social Republican party. 4 TheEmancipation Manifesto had marked the beginning of the give notice for the nobility.Deprived of their serfs and unable to gain any power in the government, theNobles were oblige to sell off their land, little by little, to support their lifestyle.For a government supported by nothing more than the momentum of historyand tradition, the decay of the nobility foreshadowed the destruction of theautocracy. At the turn of the century, th e Czar had very little support outsidehis own bureaucracy. Young Nicholas II, heir to the throne in the late 1800s,inspired hope in those rallying for governmental reform. Zemstvos and volosts, local governments elected by nobles and peasants, hoped that Nicholas wouldat least allow these legislatures to have an informatory function for the Czar. 5They were sadly disappointed once Nicholas II ascended the throne. Upon the close of Alexander III, the zemstvo of Tver petitioned Nicholas II to allowlocal representative bodies to express their faith on questions of concern tothem, in order that. . . the Russian people tycoon reach the height of the throne.. .. Nicholas replied, I am extremely astonished and displeased with this

Interactive Museum Experiences :: essays papers

Interactive Museum Experiences I am Richard Nixon, president from 1969 to 1974. I was a lawyer and studied at Duke University Law. I died in 1994, says Marjorie Cozzens, age 8 (Dooley, 2003, p. F4). The third crisscross class at Karigon Elementary School, of which Marjorie is a member, were preparing for the chess opening of their Presidential Wax Museum on Friday, March 7, 2003. Marjories third grade teacher, Renee Bortolini has her class choose a president, learn about them, and on Friday, the students testament put their hard work together to create their very avouch wax museum. The wax museum serves a purpose to divine service the students learn by an interactive museum experience. Hands on learning helps the students to experience the lesson being taught as well as helping them to apply class instruction to tangible world applications. Many students argon more apt to receive and picture information through visual techniques. Interactive museums can provide teache rs with classes and seminars, which help them to incorporate a field trip, plus the pre- and post-work, into an acceptable curriculum. Certain techniques are also beneficial for museums to follow when they are setting up spare demos. Overall, interactive museum experiences are beneficial to both student and teacher. Techniques used in arming interactive museums Many different techniques are used to develop a childrens interactive museum. Physical objects, including the exhibits and activities should be scaled trim back to size and should also be built with the mental capametropolis of simple prepare children in mind. Exhibits should not be difficult to understand, and activities should be light(a) to follow. Multiple items of interest included into one exhibit tend to be too difficult for the youth. When constructing an exhibit centered around a untried audience, one item of interest should be incorporated into the exhibit so that the youth are able to understand and ca n follow the exhibit. government should also be brought into consideration, so that the student can interpret the exhibit successfully. Finally, these interactive exhibits and activities may be run by the public school district and can even be staffed by teachers (Burcaw, 1997). Within the museum, authorized exhibits should be produced to help stimulate the learning abilities of younger children. A city zoo provided the community with an interactive exhibit by building deuce identical monkey islands side by side.

Analysis of Toni Morrisons Beloved Essay -- Beloved Toni Morrison Lit

Analysis of Toni Morrisons BelovedToni Morrisons Pulitzer Prize winning book Beloved, is a historical novel that serves as a memorial for those who died during the perils of slaveholding. The novel serves as a voice that speaks for the silenced reality of thraldom for both manpower and wo workforce. Morrison in this novel gives a voice to those who were denied one, in particular African American women. It is a novel that rediscovers the African American recognize. The novel undermines the accomplished idea of a storys time scheme. Instead, Morrison combines the aside and the set up together. The book is set up as a circling of memories of the retiring(a), which continuously reoccur in the book. The foregone is embedded in the defer, and the present has no foundation without the past. Morrison breaks up the time sequence using the visions of the past that arouse forgotten sticks and emotions. The visions of the mingled occurrences of slavery survive time and continue to ha unt non precisely the characters directly involved, but also their loved ones. In Beloved, Morrison makes the past telescopic in the present by making it into a tangible belongings that can be revisited, where lot can be seen and touched, and where images and pictures survive and ar projected outward from the mind. Morrison transforms these projected images into events for the lecturer to experience. The ref becomes part of the customs of passing on the memories of the past. Yet, in the last two pages of the novel, Morrison instructs her readers that Beloved is non a story to be passed on. (275) It is non a story astir(predicate) contentment or healing or the success of one char adult females escape from slavery. Rather, Morrison communicates these images by dint of a maze of emotions to accentuate the fuss and suffering left by the remains of slavery. It is the story and the experience that Morrison wishes for the reader to remember, and not the characters. The nov el is based on real events, that have past and been forgotten. Yet Morrison is not telling a story more or less triumph or healing or the success of women escaped from slavery. Rather Morrison delivers the past experiences of enslaved African American women, a past which is often forgotten. In the novel, Morrison brings to support the events and the stories that become permanently imprinted on the readers conscious. Morrison communicates these images by dint of a maze of emotions ... ...past that is not even theirs. Morrison brings forth a novel that opens the experience of slavery to the reader. She makes the reader see the hopelessness, horrors, and realities of slavery. The reader is forced to contemplate and unless try to understand. Beloved stands not as a story, but as a memorial to the sixty million or more lot that were victims of the bonds of slavery. This is a book that is not to be read, but instead experienced. It is through this novel itself, that the past lives on, and it is this power that makes Beloved stand out and be as being a memorial to those who suffered and died those who would have been forgotten in the past. In essence, Beloved is not a story about slavery and its affect on the people involved, instead it is the experience. For Morrison, history is something to be reflected on, and she does this by reenacting the horrors of slavery and the impacts it had on the people involved. The reader is left to come to their sustain conclusions, and their have got interpretations. What Morrison is essentially saying at the end is that Beloved is not just about individuals and individual experiences but about the experience of a race and a community. Analysis of Toni Morrisons Beloved Essay -- Beloved Toni Morrison lightedAnalysis of Toni Morrisons BelovedToni Morrisons Pulitzer Prize winning book Beloved, is a historical novel that serves as a memorial for those who died during the perils of slavery. The novel serves as a voice that speaks for the silenced reality of slavery for both men and women. Morrison in this novel gives a voice to those who were denied one, in particular African American women. It is a novel that rediscovers the African American experience. The novel undermines the pompous idea of a storys time scheme. Instead, Morrison combines the past and the present together. The book is set up as a circling of memories of the past, which continuously reoccur in the book. The past is embedded in the present, and the present has no foundation without the past. Morrison breaks up the time sequence using the visions of the past that arouse forgotten experiences and emotions. The visions of the different occurrences of slavery survive time and continue to haunt not solitary(prenominal) the characters directly involved, but also their loved ones. In Beloved, Morrison makes the past viewable in the present by making it into a tangible clothe that can be revisited, where people can be seen and touched, and where images and pictures survive and are projected outward from the mind. Morrison transforms these projected images into events for the reader to experience. The reader becomes part of the tradition of passing on the memories of the past. Yet, in the last two pages of the novel, Morrison instructs her readers that Beloved is not a story to be passed on. (275) It is not a story about happiness or healing or the success of one womans escape from slavery. Rather, Morrison communicates these images through a maze of emotions to accentuate the aggravator and suffering left by the remains of slavery. It is the story and the experience that Morrison wishes for the reader to remember, and not the characters. The novel is based on real events, that have past and been forgotten. Yet Morrison is not telling a story about happiness or healing or the success of women escaped from slavery. Rather Morrison delivers the past experiences of enslaved African American women, a pa st which is often forgotten. In the novel, Morrison brings to animateness the events and the stories that become permanently imprinted on the readers conscious. Morrison communicates these images through a maze of emotions ... ...past that is not even theirs. Morrison brings forth a novel that opens the experience of slavery to the reader. She makes the reader see the hopelessness, horrors, and realities of slavery. The reader is forced to contemplate and only when try to understand. Beloved stands not as a story, but as a memorial to the sixty million or more people that were victims of the bonds of slavery. This is a book that is not to be read, but instead experienced. It is through this novel itself, that the past lives on, and it is this power that makes Beloved stand out and observe as being a memorial to those who suffered and died those who would have been forgotten in the past. In essence, Beloved is not a story about slavery and its affect on the people involved, inste ad it is the experience. For Morrison, history is something to be reflected on, and she does this by reenacting the horrors of slavery and the impacts it had on the people involved. The reader is left to come to their own conclusions, and their own interpretations. What Morrison is essentially saying at the end is that Beloved is not just about individuals and individual experiences but about the experience of a race and a community.

The Hemingway Code Hero and The Old Man in the Sea Essay -- Essays Pap

The Heming sort Code Hero and The overage Man in the oceanThe Old Man and the ocean is a beloved novel because of the agency in which Hemingway writes, his idea of a hero, and how he applied it affectively. The jurisprudence for his heroes way in which they act with courage, always strive to prove them selves wholeness to a greater extent time, non to complain about their suffering. The writing techniques brought the story in to ample multimedia life sentence by letting the reader happen upon what is expiry on. Finally, the way it all just seems to fit together in the end. The Hemingway enrol is an idea of what all heroes have in common. In the words of Irving Howe, there emerges...the characteristics hero of the Hemingway world the hero who was wounded the bears his wound in inhibit who is sensitive to but scorns to devalue his feelings into words who is defeated but finds a remnant of dignity in an honest confrontation of defeat.(232) This code is a code of honor to all who attain it. Even in todays life we can find this hero. Take a drive outman, there is a fire ripping a building to shreds with its furry. The firemen come in to the blazing ruin insuring that they will get burnt. Bearing their wounds in silence. When they cede the last family in that building they would cheer and go on how brave he was and he would think of it as a days work. But, if he did not save that last family member he would find gazump in not having all the family members died in the building. What is the Hemingway Code? Its had the fear of death on your back but you will still fight on. And, even if you do not completely finish the task you still find pride in what you did.One of Hemingways best novels was The Old Man and the Sea fore it was a story of skill. Santiago, the hero, is an elderly man tanned and unironed from weighting all his life and from that he is skilled with the art of the task. He kept the lines Straighter than anyone did, so tha t at each level in the nefariousness of the stream there would be a bait waiting but where he wished it to be for any fish that swam there.(32) This alone shows how precise he was about fishing, proving his skills of a fisherman. If he did not keep the lines straight consume they can all be at the same level. Then, only the fish around that one level, which would a shallower part of water, could smell and maybe watch the bait. At that if it was in shallow water where the ... ... hero, and how he applied it affectively. The code for his heroes way in which they act with courage, always strive to prove them selves one more time, not to complain about their suffering. The writing techniques that brought the story in to full multimedia life by letting the reader see what is going on. In conclusion, this book is perfect. Works CitedButterfield, Herbie. Ernest Hemingway, in American manufacture New Readings. (1983) 184-199. Rpt. In Contemporary Literary Criticism. Ed. Richar d Gray. Vol 41. Detroit, Gale, 1985, 456-457.Fiedler, Leslie. The Death of the Old Men, in his Waiting for the End. (1964) 9-19. Rpt. In Contemporary Literary Criticism. Ed. Carolyn Riley. Vol. 3. Detroit, Gale, 1975, 232-233.---. An Almost Imaginary call into question Hemingway in Ketchlum. In Partisan Review. (1962) Rpt. In Contemporary Literary Criticism. Ed. Carolyn Riley. Vol. 3. Detroit, Gale, 1975, 232-233.Hemingway, Ernest. The Old Man and the Sea. New York Simon & Schuster, 1952Howe, Irving. A World More Attractive A View of Modern Literature and Politics. (1963) 65-70. Rpt. In Contemporary Literary Criticism. Ed. Carolyn Riley. Vol. 3. Detroit Gale, 1975, 232-233.