Applying Family Systems Theory to Early Childhood Practice Essay

In this article, Christian (2006) discusses the six characteristics of family systems germane(predicate) to early puerility practice. The author believes that t apieceers engage a authority in discovering and split family systems to maximize childrens abilities. on that pointfore, early childhood teachers should consider these characteristics to help decide the scoop approach for students.The starting signal characteristic is boundaries. There are two kinds of boundaries, namely disengaged and enmeshed. The first allows children to decide on their own and study new friends, ideas, and so on but prevail to be unattached while the antithetical s from outside of the family. The second is to a greater extent strict and attached it supports and guides an individual in making decisions, but usually expects greedy conformity with family rules. Considering the strengths and weaknesses of both kinds, the teacher should look on and support family boundaries in order to react a ccordingly to needs.The second characteristic is roles. Family roles stir a significant effect on students behavior. For instance, the eldest child tends to be more mature than new(prenominal)s and play as the peacemaker, helper, etc. Teachers should recognize these roles and provide role contend situations where students can get to play other roles. Also, teachers should make families recognize their students strengths through opus simple notes.The third is rules. Teachers should know family rules of students in order to avoid confusing them with initiate rules. For instance, explain why a sure rule works in inform but not at home, and offense versa. Teachers should have a dictatorial watch in striking a counterweight between both. Also, rules should be stated clear because unspoken rules could lead to failure to attend them.The fourth characteristic is hierarchy. Families observe a certain hierarchy in the house. This points to the great power to decide within a fam ily. Teachers should be sensitive regarding this and observe the effect of family systems of each individual. For example, there are epochs when a child exercises power over others payable to hierarchy experienced at home. Importantly, teachers should qualify activities to make students experience a different hierarchy concept.Another characteristic is climate. This is the aroused and physical environment the child has. The role of the teacher is to ensure that the child has a positive climate at home. To do this, they could organize a talk with parents to chance on out and suggest a better climate parents can offer. Also, the climate in school should allow venue for positive feedback and healthy sensory experiences.The last ane is equilibrium. This refers to the sense of balance within the family. equilibrium should manifest in all aspects, such as health, emotions, activities, finance, etc. It can further be achieved by undergoing changes from time to time. For example, i f a family experiences difficulty because of a daughters illness, parents cannot be focused only on the ill member. They should devote equal time for their other children who equally need help and attention. As professionals, teachers can guide parents to survey equilibrium in their family.The suggestions the author makes in this article are very significant. Considering the characteristics mentioned might help each family become more well-knit, thus maximizing intellectual and aflame development of the students. To effect this, teachers should have willingness, sincerity, and gaze for each student and the family system where they belong. destinationChristian, Linda Garris. (2006). Applying family systems theory to early childhood practice. Retrieved 5 November 2008, from http//journal.naeyc.org/btj/200601/ChristianBTJ.asp

'Foxconn\r'

'Just when positive password ab a manner Foxhounds efforts in improving the hit conditions of its Sheehan factories for the constructers and increase earnings was heard this year, the ladderers revolts in September 23, 2012 at the Foxhounds mainland chinaware (Shania) grinder sparked an different spherical outcry (Roberts, 2012). Foxing is a international company establish in mainland mainland chinaware and is single of the worlds largest electronics manufacturing company. One of the study clients of Foxing is apple; others include Sony and Hewlett Packard (Wisped, 012).According to reports by mainland China bray Watch (201 2), some of the partial treatment and evolution carried out by Foxing factories in China include â€Å" extravagant oertime hours, forcing locomoteers to work ‘voluntary overtime, maintaining an passing high aim of work vividness by instalting the daily merchandise quotas, exercise discrimination by hiring unless young and healthy w orkers, and creating a outline in which official resignation is intimately impossible and the lonesome(prenominal) way out is to ‘voluntarily/ resign hence forfeiting a signifi arouset amount of their final wages (China Labor Watch, 2012).Due to increasing hauls from the media coverage of the self-annihilation visitationustrations of its workers and from its image-conscious client (orchard apple tree Inc), it was claimed that Foxing had bedevil efforts to improve operative conditions by increasing wages of workers and instituting a program c ei on that pointd â€Å"Care-Love” (Northern, Culpa and Ghent, 2011). However, after Foxhounds suicide incidents sub spatial relationd, in 23 September 201 2, it was announced that Foxing chinaware manu pulverization had to shut d experience mathematical product for the day collectable to rioting of the workers. The resultant mathematical function involves around 2000 workers, with more(prenominal) than 40 hospitaliz ed.It was account that he riot was sparked off by a dispute among dickens workers, but most(prenominal) the likes ofly collect to tensions between the guards and workers (Roberts, 2012). This was because the origin exclusivelyy insignificant origin between the workers escalated into a riot involving the embodied a developlion of thousands of workers all in all after the surety guards of Foxing interfered aggressively with force, ca using the event to wee-wee out of hand to the point of requiring 5000 policemen to be dispatched to ascendancy the angry workers (Pilling, 2012).This riot has raise c one timerns approximately Foxhounds harsh and heavy-handed shipway in managing the errors as mentioned by Geoffrey Charcoal, question Director at Hong Songs China Labor Bulletin. It was reported that the guards forever monitored the workers well-nigh and round fiercely to them in an authoritative manner. at that place were no communication between the workers and guards , whereby the workers were anticipate to follow orders and rules without knowing the thinks (Roberts, 2012).Also, the workers work hanker hours and sleep in dormitories with poor conditions (Ho and Culpa, 2012). It was surmise that the Foxing Taiwan factory workers were forced to work overtime hours to et up with the employment cod to the recent open up of Apples addresss (Pilling 2012). According to a worker interviewed, it was known that Foxing has shifted its work of phones to the factory in Taiwan (Ho and Culpa, 201 2) and its Sheehan factories were now center on product development (Roberts, 2012).Hence, it seems like though Foxing did improve the situation in its Sheehan factories, its efforts were only limited to the two factories in Sheehan and the other in Changed that were nether control by Fair Labor necktie and under extensive media coverage, hill neglecting its other factories distributed around China. Foxing has around a one million million workers working in its 13 factories in China (Yen, 2012) and has been expanding its factories into provinces located in the upcountry of China such as Taiwan, Squeezing, clement and Cocooning (Roberts, 2012).The shift in production may be because bray is about one-third cheaper in inner provinces of China (Northern, Culpa and Ghent, 2011 Sociological Interpretations for the Foxing Worker Riots The workers riots in Foxing Taiwan factory could be understood from some perspectives, however it all boils down to modernisation and roofism which gave rise to a obscure sectionalisation of hollow with an exploitative nature. It all rifleed the rise of a upstart world(prenominal) division of labor, one that was characterized by the human race between stand-industrial nations and newly industrialized nations, found on evolution (Serene, 2006).In fact, according to red ink speculation, the underlying logic of capitalism is exploitation (Howard, 2002). While capitalists (owners of production) compete to block militant and to achieve the most lettuce, workers compete to suffer the cheapest labor possible, often dictated to the level of subsistence. This IS because in this world-wide ere market thrift, it is immovable based on the selection of the fittest. When thither are winners, on that point lead forever be recidivaters.We can view this foreign division of labor as a cycle in which on one stance post industrial nations constantly image wealth accumulation by dint of the services and investments they provide via products manufactured with minimal cost, while on the other side the newly industrialized nations are continuously macrocosm exploit through their cookery of cheap labor and resources (Serene, 2006). However, nations are similarly interdependent based on modernization and dependency theories.modernisation possible action states that â€Å"modernity is undeniable for the thrift to prosper and thus nations deficiency modern technology to break out of poverty” (Serene, 2006). Developing nations need to escaped up and welcome foreign capital into their market as they will contribute in the indispensable expertise and incumbent technology to prosper. Thus, newly industrialized nations compete to gain transnational companies to invest and set up factories in their nations. However, these means oblation the cheapest labor possible.At the corresponding time, dependency theory states that the poorer and newly industrialized nations were pendent on the post industrial nations, as they brought jobs needed for survival and capital to drive the economy, which in addition brought command and exploitation (Serene, 2006). Hence, based on the case in the previous section, it can be interpreted from this world(prenominal) division of labor that Apple Inc seems to be the biggest winner, while Foxing is turn to it and the major(ip) pretermitrs would be the China workers. Apple is the capitalist owner that owns a nd controls all the products under its brand such as phone 5.In order to achieve the greatest power and lowest production cost, Apple adopts the utter of outsourcing based on the division of labor and national specialization, whereby every an phone is rattling a global effort (Serene, 2006). E. G. The phones start out being developed and knowing by Apple engineers in California, the sourcing of the components and materials blossom forth out to different part of the world, using move from nine major suppliers in five countries and then assembled by Foxing in China (The Straits Times, 2012). Thus, Foxhounds role is just just one of the manufacturers employed by Apple to assemble its products.Apple has the biggest share of the benefit, to Foxing. Whereby Apple is the overarching power, dominating Foxing, in turn Foxing dominates the workers out-of-pocket to pressure from Apple to meet production demands and cost budget. In the case illustrated, the workers in Foxing Taiwan fac tories were rushing out the phones for Apple, receivable to increasing popularity leading to increasing demands since the launch of the phones. With the market mechanism driven by demand and turn in, Apple had to keep up with the demands of their products by producing enough supply.Foxing had no picking but to exploit its workers by devising them ark overtime hours of almost 80 hours per month, chivalric the legal limit of 36 hours with hourly wage of around 1 Euro (Deutsche Well, 201 2), and workers were need to sign an overtime working pact prior to employment that claims that Foxing is non accountable for their long hours of working. This voluntary agreement was truly used to overrule Chinese republic regulation (Change, 2010). The reason was due to the emulous nature bred in the capitalist outline and free market economy.Adam Smith mentioned that aspiration drives efficiency, but Marx likewise mentioned that capitalism reared a continual crisis of profit for own ers (Serene, 2006). Indeed, due to increasing competition from competitors such as Samsung, uprise up with its Samsung Galaxy SO, Apple matt-up the pressure to speed up its productivity and at the akin time maintaining the affordability Of its products. Like all Other multinational corporations, Apple is constantly in search for manufacturers that would allow it to buzz off the lowest cost. Hence, if Foxing proved to be no longer competitive in crack the lowest manufacturing cost, it will soon be replaced.Driven by competition and desire for profit too, Foxing had to maintain business contacts with Apple and bear attractive to investors and outsourcing companies by constantly relocating its factories to cheaper venues once wages cost too high, tied(p) if it means exploiting the workers in order to stay viable. This is because it was either Foxing passing the cost of the products on to the customers like Apple which obviously will deter them remote, resulting in loss of profi ts, or Foxing trying to reduce the cost of the product.Hence, since most production cost including distribution and physiologic materials are rather inelastic, the only way was to reduce manufacturing costs and this was passed on to the workers gist lesser wages with more work done (China Labor Watch, 2012). Next, this brings us to the role of the newly industrialized countries ( come off) in this international division of labor, countries that actually compete to attract these capitalists like Apple and Foxing, to relocate their manufacturing plants in their countries with enormous cheap labor. One of the Nick would be China.We can try to earn this worldwide competition to be driven by the idea of comparative gain introduced by David Richard (Serene, 2006). After Chinas communist leader, promised land Ixia Ping launched the open portal policy in China (Chance, 201 0), China obviously had a comparative receipts over the other countries with its huge supply of low cost and un recognized nestling workers, due to the introduction Of the household based contract frame (Stating Launch incertain Zeroing) that allowed millions of peasant workers from the rural areas to work in urban factories set up by transnational companies (Chance, 2010).China joined in the global competition characterized by the phenomenon â€Å"race to the dirty dog” (Serene, 2006), gather with other countries to compete to digest the lowest labor cost possible. That was also the start of the far-flung labor exploitation in China by the multinational corporations (Macs). Like the other Macs, Foxing saw Chinas abundant cheap labor attractive. Foxing Taiwan factory is just one of the many factories Foxing has in China.According to dependency theory, China allowed Foxing to exploit its workers as the state depended on Foxing to create jobs. This can be understood with modernization theory too, whereby Foxing locating their factories in China ill bring in the technology needed to modernize, income to the state through taxation, and create jobs for their community who will help drive their economy. Modernization and dependency tend to happen side by side (Serene, 2006).Hence, the dependency between the state of China, Foxing and Apple in the division of labor as explained above and the competitive nature of the capitalist dodging adoptive throughout the world, resulted in exploitation of the workers in Foxing Taiwan factory to be an needed consequence of the free market economy. using led to build up pressure in the workers causing them to riot. This can be understood from Marxist theory of rising slope material body thought (Serene, 2006).Capitalism resulted in ontogenesis divide among the population between the full and the poor, the stiff and the powerless, the people that own and control production and those who could only obey orders silently. Hence, in that respect was a class division in Foxing itself, a division between the exploited work ers and the directors, supervisors, guards and all those who bring control over the workers. These workers felt ladened. Their every action was monitored closely by the guards who often use ferocity on them if they did non obey the ales and orders (Ho and Culpa, 2012).The manager criticized those that too slow and did a tough job, however good performance was never praised. Hence, workers knew they would never advance no occasion how hard they work. There was no freedom of speech, only obedience. There was even a slogan hung on the factory walls, â€Å" outdoors the laboratory, thither is no high technology, there is only obedience and discipline” as a kind of corporate cultivation Foxing promote (Deutsche Well, 2012). However, the workers did not quit their jobs due to their position as vulnerable deskilled workers which an be understood from Marxist theory (Serene, 2006).They worked up to a minimum of 10 hours a day on their routine categorical work at high intens ity, only stopping to eat and sleep (Change, 2010). Overtime, their deskilling work makes them vulnerable as they were easily replaced. Thus, the workers were instinctive to get exploited rather than lose their jobs. The heavy staff turnover also makes long-lasting relationships impossible, their whole day were exhausted on nothing but working, leftfield with no time to societalize at all. They came from rural parts of China and give-up the ghost in the on-site dormitories, far away from their families.With no social safety net, these workers have no place to turn to if they lose their jobs which makes them even more vulnerable and artful by the capitalists. The assembly-line work had slowly euthanized the workers (Ramey, 2010). Slowly, a sense of alienation was developed in the workers (Serene, 2006). While the cost of living had change magnitude, their income only managed to increase slightly. The Foxing workers were working on parts of the phone that meant nothing to them as they could not afford them at all.Overtime, these alienated and oppressed workers felt greater solidarity as they belonged to the same exploited class. It was a sense of radical solidarity among the workers, according to Druthers (Serene, 2006). At the same time, with the increased influence of communication devices, social media and increased level of education, there was ontogenesis awareness of the better lifestyle richer people around China and other parts of the world led, causing a build-up of dissatisfaction and increased class consciousness.The young workers in Foxing were principally better educated; hence they were more aware and assertive of their rights and had higher expectations for work (Roberts, 2012). All these feelings within he workers had contributed to the riot on 23 September 2012. When the guards of Foxing Taiwan factory used force to get to control the workers dispute, it led to the outburst of the increase dissatisfaction of the workers with more tha n 2000 workers joining in to rebel (Ho and Culpa, 2012).Recently, there had been news that another 3,000 †4,000 workers were confused in a strike in Foxing Squeezing factory on 5 October, 201 2, Friday afternoon. The reasons were suspected to be due to the lugubriousness from the â€Å"over-exacting quality controls and demands to work through the week- Eng theme Day holidays” (Reuters, 2012). Hence, it seems like it is evident that there is a growing class consciousness among the Foxing workers due to reasons as explained above. Also, probably due to uprising of riots in China that made them feel embolden and the need to rise up using collective efforts to make their rights known.Globalization and the Widespread Exploitation of Labor in China Globalization has allowed the boundaries of national borders to be broken down, it was no longer about individual states, and instead they have incorporated into one single global economy (Chance, 2010). The resultant effect was t hat the global economy has divided the world into only TV classes. The powerful core, made up of ladened nations, the state government, transnational companies that continuously experience wealth accumulation, and the neglected periphery, made up of struggling poor nations and the working class people who are exploited by the powerful core (Serene, 2006).With this phenomenon, the people could no longer find themselves being saved by the state, because in this global economy, there are only two choices: to be neglected at the periphery or to join the powerful core. Hence, with globalization and the widespread capitalism, the states have decided to join the powerful core with the other elites, helping the multinational companies fulfill their insatiable greed for profit, in turn helping themselves fulfill their own needs and wants, ultimately for profit too.The widespread exploitation of the China workers in Foxing all boils down to the state of China being in cahoots with Foxing to fulfill their greed for profits in this one big global economy. Hence, there is a high happening that the problem lies in the ineffective enforcement of virtue by the authorities in China. The reason behind this conclusion is the question of why the state did nothing to stop the exploitation of its people, despite being aware of the situation and why no one had successfully filed a lawsuit against Foxing (Yen, 2012).China adopts a socio-political arranging incorporating ideas of the capitalist system, free market system and party-state authoritarianism; with different government branches integrate together to ensure the centralization of power. This is to enable easy penetration into the judicial system to undermine justice. Hence, it is not possible for checks and balances ender the modify system China creates, which makes it very cheerful for the authorities who have close relationship with Foxing to manipulate according to their benefits (Yen, 2012).Apteral, China would not hope to force Foxing to retreat from China with all its factories and investments, when Foxing is such a major taxpayer to China and that would mean that more than a million of its people working in these Foxing factories will be unemployed. However, there is the hap that the exploited workers could harness the power of globalization, to efficaciously utilize the influence of he new media to let their situation and rights be known.\r\n'

'Soc Theory Paper\r'

'‘it is continuously the doctors patient’ This paper will be discussing the struggle of allied wellness practitioners to happen upon passe-partout status. This health issue cannister be discussed downstairs more polar sociological theories however Feminism in particular sociological/ Marxist feminism with touching on post late feminism excessively, shows great understanding nearly the health issues and gives an understanding of the way of health and health headache in Australia.It explains how medical examination examination potentiality in this field all overrights the consort health passe-partout through mastery the allied health professionals being under direct authority of doctors in the hospital system in particular. Feminism also shows that in this field confederative health practioners atomic number 18 predominantly cleaning muliebrity and medical professionals fight down a patriarchy over allied health and the sexual family of the two. Finally closing point of how many womens health issues in past and make atomic number 18 again predominantly male.Medical dominance, â€Å"the professional dominance of medicine overdue to doctors” (Fridson 1970). confederative health profressionals struggle to become professional status in the health industry, due to the feature that doctors and medical professionals hold dominance and â€Å" federal agency” over those knowledge establish practioners in an area of a particular field. Medical dominance has a a couple of(prenominal) areas in which it exerts control, subordination being a key area, it ensures some health care workers Eg Nurses, OT’s etc all to work under direct authority of doctors, especially in hospital system (Willis 2004).Sociological feminism looks at the â€Å"ruling dissever” system, Medical professionals hold the hiearchy position or the upper association level with higher wealth, income funding and power, Allied health is placed in the begin syndicate or the working class due to the item that they are controlled or dominated by the upper class or the hiarchy or the industry, as they receive less funding and have micro control over receiving their patients due to the fact that doctors write the referrals for the clients to access the allied health professionals.Another issues amoungst allied health in the power struggle with medical dominance is the fact that most allied health positions are filled with females. Because of â€Å"the informal role of woman was to be the carer â€Å" ( Germov 2009), a woman is seen to this begun woman gaining positions as nurses or midwives, as these are seen as caring roles or ‘womens’ jobs’ which accordingly progessed to woman expanding into allied health positions as the access of education became greater to woman,\r\n'

'Effectiveness and Impact of Virtual Teams Essay\r'

'Technology is consistently evolving and impressing legion(predicate) organizations worldwide. It has changed many an(prenominal) aspects in the puddleplace, including work styles, chat, and squadwork. talk has been trans cau deliberated into the ways of the practical(prenominal)(prenominal) world, immediately affecting conference dynamics.\r\nOrganizations often form squads of employees to serve a variety of purposes and collide with purposes in a more than(prenominal) impelling manner than in low-level work. groups used to work strictly through with(predicate) opposite interactions, moreover with growing technology, virtual aggroups come been created and are used fairly often. â€Å"A virtual aggroup is any aggroup up whose element interactions are mediated by time, distance, and technology.\r\nThe meaning feature is not the technology, but that the aggroup works together on a tax while physically degage. crowd extremitys can communicate through e -mail, phonation mail, video conferencing, electronic bulletin boards, and intranets.” (Levi, 2007, p. 258) some(prenominal) research studies choose been done to task the in effect(p)ness of virtual teams, examining the validating and ban aspects.\r\nThis literature review is aimed to analyze several(prenominal) binds where researchers restrain explored many components of virtual teams and their impact. Vroman and Kovacich (2002) wrote an article that analyzed â€Å"the interactions of a virtual interdisciplinary team.” They explain computer-mediated chat (CMC) to be the hindquarters of virtual teams, which they then compare to cheek-to-face teams.\r\nThey examined the Interdisciplinary Training for Health carry on for Rural Areas (ITHCRA) project, which is a team comprised of many different types of health professionals (e.g. clinical psychologist, contain practitioner, nutritionist, etc.) The team’s ultimate goal was to develop an interdisciplina ry health mission curriculum, solely using CMC. ITHCRA functioned the very(prenominal) as any early(a) team functional together would, and faced the same challenges and teachingal routinees (forming, storming, averageing, performing, and transforming).\r\nThey additionally had to learn the ways of the radical communication technology, which was an obstacle for many of the caller processs. The developmental process of the virtual team was similar to that of a face-to-face team, however, a emergence of differences were found.\r\nThe forming phase was very regular(prenominal) for team development. Team building and average development took precedent of the project tasks initially. They had met face-to-face once, and after looking at their communication after this occurred, it was obvious they had formed companionable analogyships and were more committed.\r\nThis raised the question: what would have happened if the face-to-face meeting did not photograph place? It may ha ve been more effective to have two groups in this study so comparisons could be make (e.g. one group solely virtual, the other group allowed 1-3 face-to-face meetings). It is hard to pick up whether certain aspects of team development would have taken place without the opportunity to see their team members in a more personal way.\r\nStorming took place as well, which is when teams face certain conflicts. There were no unmixed differences for this development in the virtual team. Norming, performing, and transforming phases of development all contributed to the team’s succeeder and swear outed them complete their tasks and reach their goals.\r\nVroman and Kovacich (2002) addd a faithful analysis of ITHCRA and the ways in which it was booming and where the members were challenged. They portrayed virtual teams as cosmos more convenient, effective, and less time down when completing tasks. However, it allows for less personal converge and can be more rugged for some to communicate and fulfill the expectations of the group project.\r\nIt may have been more effective to have ITHCRA communicate solely through CMC and compare them to a team with the same tasks and goals, but who communicated through a compounding of CMC and face-to-face meetings. More valid results would be accessible to draw more straight conclusions. It was interesting to use a interdisciplinary team, however, it may have acted as some other variable besides CMC, which would then diversify the results.\r\nKirkman, Rosen, Tesluk, and Gibson (2004) conducted a research study on the impact of team say-so on virtual team performance. â€Å"Team sanction is defined as increased task motivation that is due to team members’ collective, positive assessments of their organizational tasks (Kirkman & Rosen, 2002).\r\nThey examined team empowerment through the teams potency, meaningfulness, autonomy, and impact to determine its’ impact on process return and node ato nement. Kirkman et al. (2004) studied a service organization that utilized high technology and ofttimes formed virtual teams to complete the company’s tasks and goals.\r\nEach team member had different roles within the organization and was separated from each other geographically. The researchers moderated the effects of face-to-face meetings to examine the family relationship amongst team empowerment and both process improvement and client satisaction.\r\nKirkman et al. (2004) used surveys, observation, a team empowerment measure they had created, and customer satisfaction and process improvement scorecards to test their hypotheses, which were that 1. Team empowerment willinging have a positive relation to virtual team process improvement, 2.\r\nTeam empowerment will have a positive relation to virtual team customer satisfaction, and 3.\r\nThe number of team’s face-to-face meetings will alter the relationship between team empowerment and process improvement (the f ewer face-to-face meetings the stronger the relationship), and 4. The number of team’s face-to-face meetings will alter the relationship between team empowerment and customer satisfaction (the fewer face-to-face meetings the stronger the relationship).\r\nTheir results indicated endure for hypotheses one, two, and three, but did not sign the quartern hypothesis. The researchers produced a well-designed study with significant, meaningful results that help contribute to the understanding of virtual teams.\r\nThey operationally defined all of the terms and measures to provide an equal understanding for everyone. It seems that virtual teams have many positive characteristics that are more effective compared to the common face-to-face teams. With the acclivity technology, virtual teams may become the norm as researchers continue to understand their components and outfit them for optimal success. Montoya-Weiss, Massey, and Song (2001) wrote an article on the findings of their r esearch study.\r\nThey â€Å"examined the effects of temporal coordination on virtual teams supported by an asynchronous communication technology.” They measured the mechanism â€Å"process structure” to determine the relationship between conflict solicitude behavior and virtual team performance.\r\nThey measured conflict vigilance individually for each team member through a questionnaire they created. They defined their dependent variable, virtual team performance, as â€Å"the persona of the team rationale used to support the team decision.”\r\nThey examined the range, depth, and organization for each team decision. Lastly, they observed and analyzed all communication among the virtual team. Montoya-Weiss et al. (2001) had five hypotheses total, which were tested through statistical analysis. They predicted that for all conflict management behaviors, a positive interaction would result.\r\n'

'Effective Management Essay\r'

'An effective passenger vehicle accepts the semi governmental nature of organizations. Power tactics atomic anatomy 18 aimd to translate power bases into particularized action, and there are a number of tactics that could be utilize in various situations. As a manager trying to influence your employees, what tactics would you in soul be most likely to use? Why? It is often necessary to guide political influence to enable organizational members to achieve their goals, especially if these goals involve close to degree of change or innovation.\r\n engagement is defined by Richard L. Daft as, â€Å"a system that links together peck and departments within or among an organizations for the purpose of overlap information resources. ” But, a more putting surface and more subtle form of political behavior involves networking. Networking is when an individual establishes good relations with key organization members and/or key people outside the organization in order to ac complish angiotensin-converting enzyme’s goals. Something as seemingly trivial as the arrangement of furniture in an dresser can affect perceptions of another person’s power.\r\nOne vivid typesetters case comes from John Ehrlichman’s book incur to Power. Ehrlichman described his scratch visit to J. Edgar hoover’s office at the section of Justice. The legendary director of the FBI had long been one of the most powerful men in Washington, DC, and as Ehrlichman’s impressions reveal, Hoover used every(prenominal) opportunity to reinforce that image. Ehrlichman was first led by means of double doors into a room replete with plaques, citations, trophies, medals, and certificates jamming every wall.\r\nHe was then led through a second similarly grace room into a third trophy room, and finally to a large entirely bare desk backed by some(prenominal) flags and still no J. Edgar Hoover. The guide exposed a door behind the desk, and Ehrlichman w ent into a smaller office, which Hoover dominated from an fulgurant chair and desk that stood on a pulpit about six inches high. Erhlichman was instructed to take a seat on a dispirit couch, and Hoover peered d aver on Ehrlichman from his own loftier and intimidating place.\r\n'

'Age of Computer Essay\r'

'Eras in the history of art and architecture may be distinguished by styles much(prenominal) as Renaissance, Gothic, impressionistic or Surrealist, and so on.\r\nTechniques too switch mark different eras over the centuries: from the primitive tools of the St wiz Age, to the industrial Age marked by steam and galvanising power and the disco truly of turbines, and engines.\r\nToday, we commit entered a sensitive era: the com imputeing device age †an age which owes e genuinelything to workors.\r\nCharles Babbage, an side mathematician, is intake uped to be the great-grandfather of the electronic data processor. Over 150 age ago, in 1840 to be exact, he invented a sophisticated conniving machine, and c all(a) t aginged it the â€Å"Analytical Engine.” As with m either a(prenominal) inventions, his creation was furthest in advance of its time.\r\nIt took a nonher 100 years before the start computers were built, and as you know, they were huge and unbeliev ably heavy. Take, for instance, the famous Mark I. It was the humanity’s first electro-mechanical computer and was intentiond during mankind War 2 by the U.S. Navy. In comparison to 20th-century systems, it could be likened to a battleship: 2.6 meters high, 16 meters wide, 2 meters deep, and weighing a massive 5 tons!\r\nThe machine †the ironw atomic number 18 †could not develop without the softw ar to match, of course. In this respect, ii women mathematicians played key roles.\r\nAda Lovelace Byron, daughter of the poet schoolmaster Byron, wrote in 1843 what today we’d call programs for Charles Babbage’s â€Å"Analytical Engine.” She was a pi sensationer and is considered to be the in truth first programmer in history. That’s wherefore 130 years later, the U.S. Department of Defence gave her given name †Ada †A-D-A †to one of the most important computer programs in the world. It is calld not solitary(prenominal) b y the U.S. Army, Navy and Air Force hardly besides by big labor, universities, and early(a) centers of question.\r\nGrace Hopper, an Ameri tin woman, invented in 1952 the very first compiler of all times, a program which translates a programming wrangle so that it faecal matter be understood by computers. It was a sensational break by means of which opened doors to self-winding programming and thus directly to contemporary in-person computers (PCs).\r\nToday, computers argon at the center of thousands upon thousands of other inventions. They atomic number 18 the heartbeats of the modern world. Computers are every-where †from kitchens to concrete mixers, from planes to pockets. They listen. They articulate. They act. Never in world history has one invention had such an influence on humanity as a whole. Without the computer age, there would be no globose awareness.\r\nInternet, in particular, has created a brand sore environment. A raw culture has been born †f ree, quick, and universal †where mountain share their knowledge and expertise. In systemation and communication techniques direct been turned upside down, distance has been eliminated, frontiers abolished. A formidable interactive potential is burgeoning on our planet priming coat today. Like it or lump it †none tush stop it!\r\nI would like to mention aboutthing concerning Internet. The inventors in 1990 of the World Wide Web (WWW), which revolutionized the contemporary computer world, did not become millionaires. British Tim Berners-Lee and Belgian Robert Caillau, both(prenominal) researchers at European Centre for Nuclear research (CERN) in Geneva, did not take shape any property through their invention of the WWW. They refused to patent it. They feared that in so doing, the use of the Web would prove prohibitively pricey pr eventideting its use worldwide. Thus, they passed up a fortune so that our world arsehole learn and communicate today, and we should b e grateful to them for their foresight.\r\nThe invention of the computer with its multitude of programs and cleanfangled culture technologies is transforming the tralatitious perception of an inventor. A much positive kitchen range is emerging. No longer personified by an eccentric crackpot, a crackpot male wit working alone in attic, garage or basement, today’s inventors resemble more(prenominal) and more millions of other scientists, industrial researchers and entrepreneurs in whole kit and boodlehops or laboratories environ by a computer station. All use the â€Å"mouse” instead of a pencil, and their drawing boards are computer screens.\r\nWomen inventors have in add-on contributed to this change in the traditional image of the inventor, particularly in certain(p) knowledge bases such as chemistry, pharmaceuticals, bioengineering, not to speak of computer software.\r\nIn the USA, for instance, the number of women inventors with patents in the field of ch emistry increased three-and-half times during the period from 1977 (2.8%) to 1988 (9.9%). It would be interesting therefore to see what further increases have taken place over the past 10 years.\r\nAnother popular fallacy is not only that the large majority of inventors are eccentric and male, but they are excessively perceived as world raZther ancient! The truth is that, thanks to the computer, people are actually inventing more and more at an more and more youthful age. In Silicon Valley, a 30-year old inventor is considered already long in the tooth, and many newcomers to the inventive world are in their 20s. slightly predict that in a hardly a(prenominal) years time, there’ll be a new extension of 14-year-old millionaire inventors appearing in Silicon Valley!\r\nUnfortunately, this new generation of inventors †women and very young people †is insufficiently present among representatives of most inventor associations worldwide. These are even so run by peop le who, although totally commit to their work, were neither born nor grew up in the computer age. Therefore they find adaptation difficult. Information technology frequently passes them by. This is frequently a cause of very real problems.\r\nlighbulbInternet.jpg (1394 bytes)\r\nLet’s now consider some of the ways inventors can make use of the new technologies of the computer age.\r\nWe all know that inventors direct a lot of reading. Technological information contained in patent schedules is essential at the very early stages of invention. It can avoid duplication in research work. It can translate ideas for further development of living technology. It can too give a glimpse of the technological activities of competitors. That is why patent Offices have put their patent documentation informationbases on the Internet. Access is not only fast, but easily accessible, and available 24 hours a day, 365 days a year.\r\nIt’s also free in the sense that it doesnâ⠂¬â„¢t damage the inventor a single cent to chit-chat such documentation! Time-consuming travel to perceptible Offices or libraries storing patent documents is a thing of the past. The inventor also has access to much more entropy than through a single database. Obviously, the ideal is one huge library, containing millions of patent documents from all over the world.\r\nThe European unmixed Office (EPO) has tried to create this world library of patent documents. I am felicitous to inform you that IFIA Web site allows surfers to visit this EPO site, and through it, to jump to the major providers of patent information in the world, whether they be Patent Offices or private enterprises, such as IBM. A further advantage is the aeonian updating of all these databases by each of the providers. In brief, it’s sufficient to click on one address, the EPO address, to access millions of documents: .\r\nlighbulbInternet.jpg (1394 bytes)\r\nFor many inventors, the marketing stage o ften starts with a substitution class to prove that the product works satisfactorily, and what’s more, works safely. The greater a assume’s perfection, the greater the chances of selling a indep deceaseence to a manufacturer. But a professional prototype, as close to the final product as possible, can rapidly become extremely expensive.\r\n i angry and inexpensive alternative to a physical prototype is a computerized model. Basically, it amounts to modelling the invention from all angles on a computer, with self-running commentary, demonstrations and animation of all the invention’s functions. The diskette or ZIP disk can be duplicated in as many copies as necessary, and sent via regular mail.\r\nThe computerized prototype can also be loaded onto a video enter and copies made. Busy executives †prospective investors, licensees or buyers †depend, however, to prefer a diskette which is easy to put into the computer, in addition to the fact that most offices do not have a TV and VCR. The video tape would seem more appropriate when presenting an invention at an exposition or fair.\r\nOn the subject of invention shows, permit me stress in passing that virtual exhibitions outlast already. One of IFIA’s members, the Hungarian Association of Inventors, even launched an international competition of inventions last March with a virtual jury, each member sitting serenely in front of his/her computer screen, somewhere more or less the world.\r\nlighbulbInternet.jpg (1394 bytes)\r\nWith the computer age upon us, we are also locomote slowly but surely away from the traditional paper system of filing patent applications to the new electronic filing system †a rapid and cheap transmission system of text and image data.\r\nPatent Offices are now engaged in preparing the necessary tools to assist inventors and other applicants in this form of electronic commerce. Naturally, their Web sites testament have to provide links to re ference material, technical guidelines and instructions on filing applications.\r\nThe Patent Cooperation Treaty (PCT), administered by the World Intellectual Property Organization (WIPO) in Geneva, provides inventors and industry with an advantageous route for obtaining patent protection worldwide. kickoff from January 1, 1999, the PCT is offering a reduction of US$ 200 (two hundred) for every electronic filing. That’s preferably an encouragement to use this system!\r\nHowever, no system is perfect. It still remains a fact that Patent Offices are faced with serious technical issues colligate to information security. Namely: How to ensure the security and legitimacy of the transmission and exchange of unpublished †therefore undercover †data? The next question to arise is: Who will be responsible in case of third- ships company intrusions? The Patent Office? †or the applicant?\r\nBecause of the international temper of the patent system, it has been decided recently that all information security issues will be examined in the poser of WIPO.\r\nTo better understand some of the many issues involved, I would like to give two examples as describe in a WIPO document discussed a few days ago in Geneva:\r\n” … any exchange between applicants and inspectors requires excellent levels of security and data privacy. Furthermore, many of these activities require some assurance of the identity operator of one party or another. For example, if an applicant is exchanging information with an examiner, the examiner demand to know that the individual is thence authorized to provide information, (e.g. proof of identity), and the applicant necessitate to be confident that he or she is indeed in contact with a patent examiner and not a clever hacker. […]”\r\nâ€Å"The exchange of antecedency documents provides another interesting example. If a priority document is to be exchanged in electronic form, it postulate to be valid ated by the originating party. In other words, the document needs to be signed to set up its authenticity, it needs to have a guaranteed time emboss associated with the transaction, preferably by a third party (to prevent presumed or actual forgery of dates and times), and it needs to have some guarantee of accuracy, so that a party obtaining the document can tell if monkey occurred…”\r\nlighbulbInternet.jpg (1394 bytes)\r\nEvery now and then we hear some people say, â€Å"There’s hardly anything left(p) to invent. Everything has been invented already!”. What a silly remark! You can be certain that inventors will continue inventing, and new discoveries will be made, right up to the very last minute before the world comes to an end! But to return to today, with the computer age, the possibilities of invention are endless and in all possible fields.\r\nIt has also been said that the computer will eventually invent the inventor. By that I mean that one day , the computer will replace the inventor. Up to a point, I must agree †but only to a certain extent. You can feed the computer with billions of data. One has even beaten a world slicker champion. Nevertheless, the computer has no humanity, no imagination, no sensitivity or affectivity, and no inherent wisdom. Can it intuitive feeling the perfume of a rose? …interpret the wring of a sunrise? Can it caress the crust of a child? …or savor the render of Hong Kong’s dim sum?! Above all it’s a machine †a visionary machine †but remember, it’s only a machine.\r\nSo let’s not make a new god out of the computer, as some tend to do. But rather use its possibilities to a maximum … and through it, try kinda simply to build a better world. That should be our motto.\r\n'

'A Theory of Cross-Cultural Communication Essay\r'

'A Theory of Cross-Cultural discourse © Anthony Pym 2003 Intercultural Studies Group Universitat Rovira i Virgili Tarragona, Spain* Pre-print version 3. 3 The adjacent is a serial of pro office staffs designed to connect a few ideas about translation as a mode of cross-cultural communication. The ideas ar drawn from a multiplicity of existing theories; the aim is non oddly to be original.\r\nThe propositions argon instead intended to splice up three endeavors: an abstr process conception of cross-cultural communication, a description of the specificities of translation, and an attempt to envisage the coming(prenominal) of such communication in a globalizing age. The divers(a) rases at which the propositions draw on or go away from previous theories atomic number 18 indicated in a series of notes. 1. 1. 1. 1. 2. On cross-cultural communication in popular Cross-cultural communication involves the comprehend crossing of a point of contact amongst cultures.\r\nCulture s pre direct atomic number 18 minim all in ally seen as large-scale systems of presume dual-lane references, linguistic or otherwise1, used for the purposes of slighten complexness. 2 Cultures themselves whitethorn idealize oneness or some(prenominal) effects, where the sh ard references ar felt to be so dense that communication would be without both lack for simplifications of complexities. Away from such ideals, cultures have peripheries, where references argon sparse, or sparsely share, or mixed with references shared by other cultures. The impairment â€Å"center” and â€Å" interference fringe” are not to be understood geopolitically. (cf.\r\nEven-Zohar 1990, Toury 1995) The differences between centers and peripheries are operative fictions rather than primary trial-and-error facts. The truly belief that one is in a primal position may be teeming to break short complexness, just as the false popular opinion that one is lacking in con school book may increase complexness. (Pym 1998) The difference between center and fringe may in any case be characterized in terms of lather. When shared references are believed to be dense (all else creation equal), the simplification of complexness requires less drive than when the references are believed to be sparse.\r\nEffort here is understood as be on both the sending and receiving sides of messages, as sanitary as in whatsoever mediating position or investment funds in the channel. A text displace and standard near a perceived center provide thus require less investment of effort than the same text sent from a center to a periphery (assuming that the diminution of complexity is 1. 3. 1. 4. 1. 5. to be to a similar detail in both object lessons). And further supplemental effort volition be needed if the text is to be received in another culture. (Pym 1995) 1. 6.\r\nThe lines between cultures are attach as cross-over points where the communication act receives su pplementary effort of a mediating and discontinuous nature. much(prenominal) points are usually where translations are carried out. (Pym 2001a) Cross-cultural communication thus mark the points of contact between cultures, although it alone will not join up the points to form some(prenominal) soma of line. (Pym 1998, 2001a, cf. Chatwin 1987) On complexity and its reducing Texts are inscribed objects that can be taken in different ways and for different functions, instead singly of any original intentions. The plurality of potential interpretations is what we are calling complexity. The reduction of complexity does not require any discerning of a lawful or primal meaning. For example, a reader at this point might interpret the term â€Å"reduction of complexity” as â€Å"understanding”, but such a reading will hopefully be deviated by the following paragraphs. In this sense, the reduction of complexity does not entail an act of understanding in any idealist se nse. Nor must effort be expended yet to reduce complexity. Effort can also be used to make texts more complex, preparing them for a great plurality of interpretations.\r\nSuch might be a certain conception of aesthetic pleasure, diplomatic ambiguity, or communicative mechancete. The degree of appropriate complexity is in each case dependent on the conquest conditions of the communicative act concerned. On achiever conditions winner conditions are criteria that make the communicative act effective for all or some of the participants concerned. 4 Such criteria may be simple, as in the case of a business negotiation to devolve mutual agreement on a sales monetary value: the success condition might be that a price is agreed to by all participants.\r\nA Theory of Cross-Cultural Communication Essay\r\nCultures here are minimally seen as large-scale systems of assumed shared references, linguistic or otherwise1, used for the purposes of reducing complexity. 2 Cultures themselves m ay idealize one or several centers, where the shared references are felt to be so dense that communication would be without any need for reductions of complexities. Away from such ideals, cultures have peripheries, where references are sparse, or sparsely shared, or mixed with references shared by other cultures. The terms â€Å"center” and â€Å"periphery” are not to be understood geopolitically. (cf.\r\nEven-Zohar 1990, Toury 1995) The differences between centers and peripheries are operative fictions rather than primary empirical facts. The very belief that one is in a central position may be enough to curtail complexity, just as the false impression that one is lacking in context may increase complexity. (Pym 1998) The difference between center and periphery may also be characterized in terms of effort. When shared references are believed to be dense (all else being equal), the reduction of complexity requires less effort than when the references are believed to be sparse.\r\nEffort here is understood as being on both the sending and receiving sides of messages, as well as in any mediating position or investment in the channel. A text sent and received near a perceived center will thus require less investment of effort than the same text sent from a center to a periphery (assuming that the reduction of complexity is 1. 3. 1. 4. 1. 5. to be to a similar degree in both cases). And further supplementary effort will be needed if the text is to be received in another culture. (Pym 1995) 1. 6.\r\nThe lines between cultures are marked as cross-over points where the communication act receives supplementary effort of a mediating and discontinuous nature. Such points are usually where translations are carried out. (Pym 2001a) Cross-cultural communication thus marks the points of contact between cultures, although it alone will not join up the points to form any kind of line. (Pym 1998, 2001a, cf. Chatwin 1987) On complexity and its reduction Texts are inscribed objects that can be interpreted in different ways and for different functions, quite independently of any original intentions. The plurality of possible interpretations is what we are calling complexity. The reduction of complexity does not imply any discerning of a true or primal meaning. For example, a reader at this point might interpret the term â€Å"reduction of complexity” as â€Å"understanding”, but such a reading will hopefully be deviated by the following paragraphs. In this sense, the reduction of complexity does not entail an act of understanding in any idealist sense. Nor must effort be expended only to reduce complexity. Effort can also be used to make texts more complex, preparing them for a greater plurality of interpretations.\r\nSuch might be a certain conception of aesthetic pleasure, diplomatic ambiguity, or communicative mechancete. The degree of appropriate complexity is in each case dependent on the success conditions of the communicat ive act concerned. On success conditions Success conditions are criteria that make the communicative act beneficial for all or some of the participants concerned. 4 Such criteria may be simple, as in the case of a business negotiation to reach mutual agreement on a sales price: the success condition might be that a price is agreed to by all participants.\r\n'

'Politeness and Pragmatics in the Cross-Cultural Communication Essay\r'

'Introduction\r\nIn this paper, we impart examine the infixed companionship shot which was prototypal introduced by Stephen Krashen in the late 1970s and 1980s. Krashen proposed the Second Language accomplishment speculation with louver hypotheses. The inseparable arrangement supposal is a part of this molybdenum address conjecture. This assumption expects that scholars of punt wording hear the grammatical bodily structures in a predic dining table air. It includes that any(prenominal) grammatical structures comed natur wholey earlier than the early(a)s and this synchronization does non affected by the learners’ native lecture, age or any insure of exposure. Using a pretence theatre of operations cuddle we will observe whether this claim is valid in East Pakistani context or not. To examine that how the innate rig possible action whole kit and boodle in Bangladeshi context, we become chosen any(prenominal) Bangladeshi heap from differe nt ages.\r\nSome the students of first semester and uphold semester of University of giving Arts Bangladesh. We go through asked them to answer some authoritative questions which have added in the last incision. This paper is divided up into several chapters. The first section of the paper introduces with the tail fin hypotheses of Stephen Krashen’s Theory of Second Language Acquisition. The hypotheses argon demonstrated genius by sensation beca persona all the hypotheses be interrelated. This part is concluded with some chief(prenominal) takes of criticism some the inwrought disposition meditation. The future(a) section of the paper analyses our examinations close to the guess. It includes the Findings and Results of the study. The last section of the paper explains recommendations and conclusion where we have presumptuousness our opinion.\r\nKrashen’s Theory of Second Language Acquisition\r\nStephen Krashen’s Theory of Second Language Acqui sition is salutary accepted widely in all atomic number 18as of irregular manner of speaking research and tenet since the 1980s. This surmise consists of five hypotheses. These argon the Acquisition- development assumption, the oversee Hypothesis, the Natural companionship Hypothesis, the stimulant drug Hypothesis and the Affective extend Hypothesis. The explanations of these hypotheses ar inclined below.\r\nThe Acquisition-Learning Hypothesis\r\nThe Acquisition-Learning Hypothesis states that in that respect ar cardinal focal points to develop second vocabulary progression for large learners. One is ‘ accomplishment body’ and another(prenominal) one is ‘ larn frame’. According to Krashen, the ‘acquisition system’ is a sub cognizant ferment. In this system, it is claimed that the use of the L2 proficiency goes with raw(a)ly. More manage the way children dumbfound their first oral communication. The learners acquir e wording without designed about that acquisition is taking place.\r\nThe of import point is that learners develop proficiency through using terminology in implicationful intercourses where the direction is on meaning not in the persists of spoken lecture. On the other hand, ‘ grappleing system’ is referred to ‘knowing about’ language. According to Krashen, the ‘ lettered system’ is a sure and explicit process. by dint of this system learners learn about the language as a conscious(p) study of formal instructions. That marrow the two systems are totally opposite.\r\nKrashen states that acquisition is more than authorised to develop second language proficiency. Learning rearnot lead to acquisition. He adds that conscious rule of ‘ well-educated system’ barely performs as one lean; observe or editor. So the defect chastening occurs in ‘learned system’ which affects in development language. moreo ver error cannot affect in instance of acquiring language beca lend oneself in development of L2 proficiency, ‘acquired system’ only gives learner a ‘feel’ of error subconsciously.\r\nTo demonstrate the Acquisition- Learning guesswork, Krashen to a fault denies about Noam Chomsky’s Language Acquisition Device (Device). Chomsky claims that humans are born with the instinct or â€Å"innate forwardness” for acquiring language. there is a ‘black thump’ in e rattling person’s straits and it acquires any language before puberty. Krashen disagrees and says that acquisition of second language can alike witness after puberty. He further explains that LAD also flora for grownup further that does not mean that adult will evermore acquire second language as native vocalizer. He claims that LAD hightail it also act ass for adult second language acquisition.\r\nThe distinction between ‘acquisition system’ and ‘learned system’ can be seen in the table given below.\r\nThe monitor Hypothesis\r\nStephen Krashen explains in the monitor Hypothesis that how acquisition and learning are use in second language performance. This hypothesis h onetime(a)s the theory that evinceance in L2 is initiated by the acquired system at first and after that the learned system works if there is any need of changes. Krashen includes that utterance of L2 happens in the main through acquired linguistic competence. The role of learned system is work as a supervise or editor. To use admonisher successfully, Krashen gives tercesome go overs. These are epoch, counselling of form and know the rule. 1. Time: The first dispose explains that the acquirer must have enough time to apply the Monitor. The problem regarding this condition is, during normal converse one cannot look after the time.\r\nIf person tries to use the Monitor he/she will break-dance to utter in right time or if someone trie s to keep on the time he/she will fail to use the Monitor. The all important(p) part is that this condition can be applied only in carapace of advanced acquirers who use Monitor occasionally. 2. Focus on Form: The second condition instructs that the acquirers must focus on form of the language. The acquirers must think about the correctness of the form. exactly the problem is using Monitor with focusing on form is genuinely tough. To maintain this condition one can lose the lead whether he/she will Monitor what he/she is say or he/she will Monitor how is he/she saying it.\r\n3. Know the rule: The tertiary condition is the acquirer must know the rule of language. It is truly difficult condition to maintain be hold everyone does not know about all the rules. Even the best students whitethorn not know all the rules of the language which they are exposed to.\r\nSo, these are the ternary conditions which drive to use Monitor successfully. But later on Krashen has mentioned only about the focus on form and know the rule. He did not mention about the first condition ‘time’.\r\nLearnt knowledge\r\n(Monitoring)\r\nAcquired knowledge return\r\nFigure: Model of adult second language performance\r\nOn the other hand, Krashen has explained about three individual differences regarding use of the Monitor though the difficulties of three conditions remain dissolved. According to him, there are three typecasts of Monitor users. Monitor over-users, Monitor under- users and the Optimal Monitor users.\r\n1. Monitor over-users: This type of lot use the Monitor all the time. They always check their output with the conscious knowledge of the language. Krashen claims two causes for this type of Monitor users. Firstly, they acquire language with the restriction of grammar instruction. Secondly, they may have acquired a good amount of second language besides can not trust their acquired competence. That is why they always try check and cover their mistakes by using Monitor. So, they speak hesitantly and try to correct their utterances at the middle of a conversation.\r\n2. Monitor under users: These types of people whether acquire language not learning or they do not prefer to use their conscious knowledge. Actually they do not use the conscious knowledge even when the three conditions are met. The self-correction happen only from a ‘feel’ of correctness.\r\n3. The Optimal Monitor users: The optimal users are the people who apply the Monitor when it is necessary and appropriate. They know how to combine their learned competence with their acquired competence. They never use the grammar rules in their regular conversation because it can interfere in their utterances. This type of users just about of the time achieve like the native speaker in writing and planned speech.\r\nThe Natural enounce Hypothesis:\r\nAccording to Krashen the Natural Order Hypothesis deals with the grammar structures. The hypothesis explains that gra mmatical structures are acquired in sure baseball club. This rove does not follow any rules that the easier grammar rule will be at first and whence the complex one. It claims that there are some authorized grammatical structures which acquired early by the learners of second language acquisition and and so the others and it is for any given language. Krashen explains that the claim does not prove as 100% always, exclusively there are some significant similarities. Krashen really use uped this hypothesis from the study of Dulay and Burt’s study of what they called the assure of acquisition of grammatical morphemes in position by five to eight year old children learning English as a second language (1974). They established a chart of morphemes for their study.\r\nSo, Krashen adopt the idea of English morphemes and established his Natural Order Hypothesis. Krashen believed that there was no difference regarding the synchronization of the grammar structures. But later on Krashen develops his own idea about the order. He examines the study with both(prenominal) children and adult’s second language and illustrates the natural order of grammar structure according to his point of view.\r\nTable: Average order of second language acquisition in English.\r\nIn further description about the Natural Order Hypothesis Krashen explains three facts. * Krashen claims that natural order cannot be changed. Teacher cannot change the order through drills or exercises. If a teacher tries to drill a certain(p) rule for several weeks the give will be zero. Because the acquirer will only acquire language when it is ready to acquire the certain rule. This fact is very much related to the Affective pervade Hypothesis.\r\n* The natural order of grammar structures do not depend on any obvious feature. It can go through complex to easier or easier to complex. Some rules acquired later which are quite simple. On the other hand some rues acquired earlier which see m to be difficult in structures. It shows that curriculum designers great power face problem that which one they should put earlier and which one in later.\r\n* The third fact is that the natural order is not the teaching order. So, if someone predicts that through learning the grammar structures he or she will acquire language proficiency, he/she might wrong. Because Krashen applied the Natural Order Hypothesis to draw the idea of ‘the introduce Hypothesis’. The Natural Order Hypothesis actually sponsors to know how the explicable commentary can be acquired one by one. So the learners will acquire the language in a natural order as a result of getting this comprehensible introduce.\r\nCriticism of Natural Order Hypothesis:\r\nKrashen’s Natural Order Hypothesis faces some criticisms about the predictable natural order in second language learners’ acquisition of grammatical structure. His using of English morphemes as a model also causes criticisms. There are some important criticisms which really force linguists to rethink about Krashen’s Natural Order Hypothesis. These are, * Krashen claims that all L2 learners adopt the self comparable(prenominal) nature of acquiring language to attain proficiency. merely there is some individuality between learners. every learner does not go through the same order of morphemes to learn grammar rules. Some adopts the\r\n-ing form at first and later on go through the other rules step by step. On the other hand some adopts the pronoun case (he/she, his/her etc.) at first. So, Krashen’s hypothesis does not concern about individuality.\r\n* another(prenominal) criticism explains that all languages do not have the same morphemes. Some languages do not have the function of Copula or definite/ enigmatical article. So as a result the learners from this type of languages face problem acquiring the morphemes though these are the simplest one. The learners pick up the morpheme accordin g to their first language acquisition. Here, Krashen actually totally overlooked the possibility of the fix of L1 on L2. On the other hand he also ignored the role of negative and verifying transferences.\r\n* Krashen claims that his model of natural order works for both adult and children. Critics raised questions about this generalization. That how did Krashen judge it as the both applied natural order for adult and children. Did the judgment was from instrument and task special(prenominal)? A critic named Larsen-Freeman applied Krashen’s natural order model for both the adult second language learners and children second language learners and she tack that the model really works scarce when she put it in some different tasks using different instruments, she could not found any similarity between adult learners make water and children learners score. So, Krashen’s claim proved itself as fallible because it does not work for every situation.\r\nSo these are the criticisms regarding Krashen’s Natural Order Hypothesis. To evaluate our case study we have taken the help of these criticisms and we also found some problems in Bangladeshi context. The evaluation has given in the Analysis part.\r\nThe Input Hypothesis:\r\nThe Input Hypothesis gives the answer of the question that how we acquire language. Regarding this hypothesis Krashen states that, the learners acquire language by discernment excitant which is slightly beyond their competence. He also adds that when the learners encounter the messages of a language, they acquire language. The main theory of this hypothesis is ‘i+1’. Here ‘i’ is learners’ present competence and ‘i+1’ is the foreplay of the language which can be understood by the learners. Krashen calls this ‘i+1’ as the comprehensible input. He not only states that but also strongly claims that ‘comprehending message’ can help to acquire language and there is no other fundamental process of language acquisition. Another point he claims that sense of hearing and reading comprehension are the primary important function of second language acquisition.\r\nThere is one important point which should be noted that the Input Hypothesis and the Natural Order Hypothesis are interrelated. These two are combined to answer the question of how we move from one stage to another of acquisition. That means, Natural Order Hypothesis works for analyzing the Input Hypothesis that how learners move from ‘i’ to ‘i+1’. The Natural Order Hypothesis helps to decide that which one should be the comprehensible input or ‘i+1’ in the classroom.\r\nThere are two corollaries in the Input Hypothesis. These are, 1. The first corollary is that speaking is not the cause of language fluency but the result of language accuracy. It cannot be taught directly. It is acquired through comprehensible input.\r\n2. The second cor ollary is, if there is enough amount of comprehensible input the learner will automatically acquire competence from the teacher. There is no need to use grammar structure. That means there is no need to be finely tuned input which means the exact next grammar structure as ‘i+1’. It can also be roughly tuned input, like the nearer structures from the ‘i’.\r\nSo, from this hypothesis we can understand that there is no need to use energy in acquiring language. The main important part is just to understand the messages. When we understand the messages of second language, the LAD starts to work. This is how we acquire language.\r\nThe Affective Filter Hypothesis:\r\nThe Affective Filter Hypothesis describes us that how people face obstructors to acquire second language. It tells us about a filter named ‘affective filter’ which works as an obstacle in the way of acquiring language. The affective filter does not work directly as a barrier but create s a ‘mental block’ in disposition which prevents to acquire language. Krashen explains that if the affective filter is down then the comprehensible input reaches to the LAD and acquires competence but if the affective filter is up then the input does not reach to the LAD and acquisition does not happen.\r\nKrashen includes that there are some ‘affective variables’ which maintain this affective filter. The affective variables include motivation, self-assertion and anxiety. This variables help to acquire second language very easily. But if someone has low motivation, low self-esteem and weaken anxiety the student will face difficulties to acquire language. Because these low motivation, low self- esteem and anxiety will ‘raise’ his affective filter and form a ‘mental block’ which will become an obstacle to understand the input and acquire language.\r\nSo, the Affective Filter Hypothesis helps to determine that why a specific learn er faces problem in dealing the comprehensible input though he/she has reached a native- like competence. The main point is one should have motivation, self-confidence and low anxiety if he/she wants to acquire second language. Many critics raised question against Krashen’s Theory of Second Language Acquisition. Some of them are time-tested and the rest of them are from anti- Krashenites. From our opinion, though Krashen has applied many statements to prove his theory but the Natural Order Hypothesis really lacks in reliable informations. The hypothesis could not set with our Bangladeshi context. The discussion has given in the next section.\r\n'

'White Collar Crimes (Embezzlement)\r'

'Introduction I’m here to talk about the dangers of misappropriation. Throughout my parole I will discuss the underlying constituent to the place up right hand in the number of defalcation. We will in like manner look at how a few whacking embezzlement schemes read moldd their business and their business’s industry. Because of this growing threat we will look at just about factors that perpetrators atomic number 18 affected by that business leader influence him/her to commit ships company thievery which clear aid to suffice still prevent and chance company theft.Lastly I will discuss some preventable measures and steps companies give the axe take to merely detect execrable activity within their business, specifically employees who carry on cash flow. What is embezzlement? So what is embezzlement? The federal bureau of investigation defines embezzlement as the misappropriation or misapplication of gold or property entrusted to one’s c atom ic number 18, custody, or overtop. Embezzlement in Businesses (What is Embezzlement? ) †General and Relevant Facts all types and sizes of businesses undersurface be victims to embezzlement ( undersized/large businesses as well as non-profit and governance entities).Businesses take over to be vigilant when fixing with distressing activity which is in particular true for teensy-weensy businesses. The knowledge for Certified guile has found that 39% of all fraud occurred in companies with fewer than 99 employees. Up to an astonishing 30% of bitty businesses exit due to crook activity. It is estimated that small businesses faces on average $190,000 loss due to embezzlement compargond to the $159,000 for average sized businesses. Why is it rising?It isn’t a disputed fact that the footstep of criminal activity cast ups during a time of economic quoin and in difficult economic conditions, businesses are essay to compete for fewer business opportunities. This creates an incentive for companies to warp from proper business practices and engage in double-faced activity to maintain revenue. This idea can be depicted in this quote, â€Å"Some one-on-ones, especially small business owners, be flummox obsessed with a helplessness business destroyeavor, can non walk away from it, and will go to ‘extraordinary’ measures to keep the business deprivation” (Lindquist & adenine; Goldberg, 2009)There was evidence of an increase in company theft during the economic downturns of 1987, 1991, and 2001. For example just after the nest egg and loans crisis in the 1990s arrests shot up by 52% and during the recession in the early 2000s criminal activity increased by 25% From this we can conclude that there is definitely a correlativity between a recession and a rise in embezzlement. Impacts of embezzlement According to David O’ Friedrichs, a criminal justice professor at University of Scranton tell â€Å" sporting- troi ka crimes have further, reaching, deeper and to a greater extent lasting intrusion than roadway crime. Thefts by employees are of the most dear(p) problems facing new and existing businesses. Experts have shown company theft has the potential to reach 240$ million dollars which includes rational property stolen during that year. It isn’t a surprise that the be of embezzlement is two to three times than that of street crimes. Also 30-50% of all businesses affected by embezzlement fail. former(a)wise potential effects include increase in taxes, lost investings, and increase in un usance. set about Building & Loan joiningOn December 9th, 1930 Gilbert, the make of Guarantee Building & Loan Association was found to have embezzled an estimated $8,000,000 which in straightaway’s amount would be $100,000,000. Many topical anaesthetic businesses and various(prenominal)s were crushed by his embezzlement scheme. According to age Magazine â€Å"no less than 2,500 Guaranty depositors have gone to the poorhouse or the insane asylum, some 30 have committed suicide…” This example demonstrates the essential ripple effects of a multi- gazillion dollar scheme. acres Building & Loan AssociationDuring the winter of 1955, Minnie Magnum, the a erupt _or_ abettor secretary-treasurer was accused of misappropriated an estimated 3 million dollars (36 million dollars in today’s amount). This scheme was exceedingly publicized because the scheme lasted for up to 22 years before detection. This demonstrates the evasive nature of embezzlement. In the end the Commonwealth Building & Loan Association had to file for bankruptcy. This is only one of the many businesses that fail due to embezzlement. Brunei’s Battle Royale Brunei is a small country that consists of 300,000.Their council consisted of state in royalty with higher(prenominal) fructifys in their government and key businesses. It became a heroic story wh en Prince Jefri Bolkiah was accused of embezzling billions from the state treasury and his businesses. non only was he the finance minister for his country, he also was the chairman of the Brunei Investment Agency, and head of Amedeo pigeonholing which pretty a good deal increased his opportunity for criminal activity. John M. Callagy, a lawyer who represents Amedeo Hotels Ltd. , estimated Prince Jefri to have siphoned withdraw $40 billion. The small country of Brunei needs the missionary station billions to help recast its economy.This example demonstrates how even government entities can also be vulnerable to theft. behavioral Characteristics of White Collar Criminals Now that we have a better grasp on the dangers of a multi-million/billion dollar embezzlement scheme we can go onto discussing what exactly motivates perpetrators to steal from their company. Dr. Donald R. Cressey believes understanding factors that influence color collar criminals to steal from their company can transparent in helping society create better procedures to reduce the rate of embezzling during an economic recession.Dr. Cressey believes there are internal and other factors when it comes to why people break up company trust. The guileless fraud trilateral surmisal can also aid us in realizing the mentality behind company theft by employees. The fraud triangle theory states that there mustiness be three basic elements for fraud to come about †they are opportunity, incentive/pressure, and rationalization/ strength. The classic fraud triangle theory can be linked to behavioral characteristics of white collar criminals. familiar Factors (Incentive/Pressure)An internal factor or conflict that an defalcator faces when he makes the decision to commit the crime is base behind the idea of personalized failure. For example if an individual loses the majority of his savings because of a gambling addiction, Dr. Cressey believes that individual will commit to embezzling bec ause he/she has too much self-respect and pride to tell his family, friends, and company (employer) of how he exhausted all his money. So to continue to supporting his friends and family financial he has a greater incentive/pressure to steal from his company to support his lifestyle.Other â€Å"personal failures” include shopping addiction, substance abuse, entrepreneurial failure, investment failure etc. â€Å"Other” Factors (Rationalization/Attitude) Other factors that influence employees to commit company theft is based on the idea behind entitlement belief †he/she believes they are more(prenominal) deserving of the money which ties in with the attitude element of the classic fraud triangle theory. Other factors also include financial need, supporting a personal business, and supporting a significant other which ties in with the rationalization element.How do we tie these factors to preventing and espial? As of now there is not seemly data to fully explain the embezzlement phenomenon in a psychological stand point. The psychologies behind these factors as well as the classic fraud triangle theory is essential and should be dissected further to better create procedures to help reduce the rate of embezzlement. I believe once enough look is done there can be changes to the hiring strategies for potential employees. Preventing and Detecting: The Steps How society views white collar crimes have slowly been evolving.In the past many people viewed white collar crimes to be victimless; that perpetrator did not deserve a long prison sentence. forthwith we understand how dangerous and harm a bulky embezzlement scheme can inflict. The shift in society’s mentality behind white collar crimes emphasizes the need for polices to be implemented to vindication against potential scandals especially during an economic recession. Step 1: Create a Policy Many companies turn over it is unnecessary to create a policy that states stealing is wro ng.In reality this step is one of the most heavy and effective step a company can take to diminish company theft. Creating a policy against company theft helps creates the idea that the company is unendingly aware of their employees and that they will not tolerate criminal activity within the workplace. Secondly, this is important because there are grey areas and company theft needs to be defined. Examples can include not knowing when to really charge the company credit card to impart for meals or using the company phone for certain calls, etc.Step 2: Creating Checks and Balances One of the biggest reasons small companies are more vulnerable to embezzlement is because they do not have curbings and balances that frameed businesses have. For example they could be a of late established business and there can be a few or one employee exacting the majority of the positions that handle cash flow. This creates a bigger opportunity for that employee to embezzle money from the compa ny. Creating checks and balances slumps the opportunity element.One checks and balances procedures a company can commit to is a withdrawal of duties as implied earlier. Meaning different people should handle different positions within the business. Companies should designate different employees who deal with cash receipts and deposits, cash disbursements and electronic stock certificate transfer operations, and bank reconciliation. Another effective control procedure includes internal take stock procedures for monitoring cash, history for transactions, and preparation of financial statement. Companies can also cross-train employees, lease vacation time, reate a periodic financial check for their employees, and separate and monitor payroll functions to help decrease the overall rate of embezzlement in our economy. In general, the company should â€Å"follow the cash trail. ” Step 3: Inspecting your employees Focusing on finding the right employee for a position is extrem ely important, especially for a position that handles cash flow. Some tools companies can use to help them along the hiring process would be using an employment agency. Administering drug and background checks. Of course monitoring employees does not stop there.Inspecting your employees should be an on-going process. Companies can hire an strong-minded CPA to provide a periodic audit of dual controls and theft prevention which allows for better test of their employees because they will not know when they are going to be investigated. Lastly the company can review employee expense reports to check for illegal spending. Step 4: fit an example/practicing zero tolerance Setting an example for people who have embezzled money can be an effective method to help deter others from doing the same.Conclusion Now that we realize there is a growing threat for the rise in the rate of embezzlement, there is a stronger emphasis for the need of companies to establish the controls procedures to h elp prevent and detect embezzlement. Hopefully in the future there will be more studies on the behavioral traits of embezzlers which can be a very important to helping finding the right candidate for a position. Companies without crime prevention and detection measures are sure to be more hypersensitive to business failure.\r\n'

'Allergies Involving Children\r'

'Allergies more or less children suck in fargon allergies which means that they johnnot tolerate certain sustenances and they may fashion very ill which may lead to departure into anaphylactic shock if they go through certain solid foods. some(a) children argon allergic to nuts or orchis and it is very important to make sure these foods are avoided which means checking the ingredients of near food products very guardedly as every small amount burn down cause problems for allergic children and also some medical conditions fundament be cause by a child’s fare e. g. ood additives sack imprint the behaviour of some children with Attention Defiat Hyperactivity Disorder. Common food intolerances are:- Lactose †This is set up in draw and dairy farm products Histamine †This is found in strawberries and ripe tomatoes. Tartrazine †This is in the main found in yellow food colouring, some foxs and sweets. Establishing different dietingary requirements i n your placement can be done by referring to the child’s parent, referring to the child’s record, speak to the children and referring to the other practitioners in your setting.Point which exigency to be considered are procedures, insurance, first aiders, allergies, photos in medical records, staff awareness, trained staff for administering music and close contact with parents. Children with different dietetical necessitate In a childcare setting you provide encounter children with different dietary ask which are important because you may need to apprehend what can affect a Childs dietary requirements. Medical ConditionsMedical conditions can affect a child’s diet in the following ways:- Diabetes which means that the pancreas cannot put the body’s sugar levels and children will need to avoid sugar but should have secureness meals and snacks and also each child’s of necessity will be different and you will have to work closely with your sup ervisor and the child’s parent to support a diabetic child. coeliac disease means that children cannot absorb their food usually and will need to avoid gluten which is mainly found in cerals such as wh wash up and barley and coeliac disease is usually detected by and by a child has been weaned from breast milk.Food Preferences Vegetarians do not eat shopping centre, search or some(prenominal) other products which come from animals such as milk, testis and cheese. Also if children follow a vegetarian or vegan diet then special care must be taken to make sure all the requisite nutrients are included in their diet. All children in your care must be able to eat and drink safely so that food drunkenness or related illnesses are avoided and also bacteria can grow quickly on food and your role in handling food and drink appropriately is essential and you will need to understand how to store, prepare and serve food.Establish Different dietary requirements of children and m aterialization people There are various dietary requirements that you need to consider to meet the different needs of children which include religious, cultural, allergies, health requirements and individual choices or preferences. religious and cultural Muslims †* Eat halal meat, fish, shell fish which is slaughtered and is hustling in a certain way. * Do not eat pork or dairy products that contain rennet which is curdled milk from the stomach of an unweaned. * unfaltering during Ramadan Jews- Do not eat dairy products with meat * Eat kosher lamb, skreigh and yellowed which is slaughtered and prepared in a certain way. * Fast during Yorn Kippur * slant should have fivesomes, scales and backbones. Sikhs- * Do not eat beef as the cow is a sacred animal. * Some Sikhs may eat chicken, cheese, fish and shell fish. * seldom eat pork Hindus * Do not eat meat as the cow is seen as a scared animal. * Do not eat dairy products that contain rennet * Usually vegetarian * Eat fish wi th fin and scales Rastafarians * Do eat lamb (some do) beef and chicken but do not eat shellfish.\r\n'

'Compare and Contrast of Florida and Hawaii\r'

'During the summer and winter, m each a nonher(prenominal) families worry to go on holi mean solar days to tropic locations in order to take in the beautiful and stupefying sights that they might non be able to catch at home. Two popular places to visit argon Florida and hullo. While umteen a(prenominal) believe that one set come in across community is as good as any other, at that place ar many differences amidst how-do-you-do and Florida that make them suited for divergent stack, depending on what manikin of vacation they want to father. In gloweringendicular there are differences in the cultures, w giveher, and attractions of these cardinal bound communities.\r\nAlthough some(prenominal) Florida and hello are tropical locations, their cultures are off the beaten track(predicate) from similar. Florida has a precise â€Å" typic” American tang to it. It is rich in busy streets, screaming kids, barbarian and unfriendly mountain, and fat-filled restaurants with a cheeseburger always on the posting somewhere. Besides everyone being in a two-piece suit everywhere on a hot, summer day, the people in Florida are re wholey no different than you and I. It whitethorn have the appearance _or_ semblance wish everyone goes to Florida for a vacation to get international from their day-by-day lives, but they re every last(predicate)y are going to the same problems in a different location.\r\nIn Hawaii, however, you become a part of a brand new realize that you gravel probably neer experienced before. Beaches there are not lined from end to end with restaurants and rental shops; instead, they are lined with palm trees and all of their untouched, inhering wonders that have been there since the islands formed. In Hawaii, you get away from the â€Å"real” world and get a prospect to experience the rich island culture that you might never have known ab forth. The hustle and bustle of the intragroup city intent and the monotonous nine to quintuplet job of the suburban life are not collarn in Hawaii.\r\nIt is very relaxed, and every day absorbms like it is a new adventure waiting for you to run across it. The food in Hawaii is also a departure from something that you could get any other day. in that respect are numerous island foods that you would never find anyplace else, like poi, a bread that is made out of purple potatoes, or Hawaiian shave ice, where they confidence beans with a variety of flavors of ice cream. Also, pineapple is a very popular addition to just virtually anything you could imagine, and the food is usually made to be â€Å" venthole” hot.\r\nAs far as an escape goes, Hawaii is the perfect place to go to experience an painful new culture. Even if you cannot tell the difference between the cultures of Hawaii and Florida, the weather easily sets the two apart. As far as tropical locations go, many people expect the weather to be warm and sunny, flavour for a perfec t day to go to the beach and relax next to the oceanic. In Florida, though the light and humidity is almost unbearable. It makes you want to immediately rebound into the ocean to try a cool off under the hot sun.\r\nUnfortunately, with the sun beating down on the ocean and the humidity in the nervous strain trapping all of the heat, the ocean also heats up very quickly and it becomes more like a hot tub, which is not the most relaxing of prime(prenominal) in the middle of a warm, summer day. With all of the humidity in Florida, it is also very customary for a sudden downpour to erupt and kick the bucket you soaking wet like you have been in the ocean all day. Despite these flaws in the perfect, tropical weather you expect, when you do get a gauzy day in Florida, it makes you wish the day would never end and that you would never have to leave.\r\nHawaii’s weather makes the best days in Florida seem like a hot, humid day in Missouri in the middle of August. It barely ra ins in Hawaii, always leaving you with a nice day to go to the beach or go on a nature hike. Even though it may reach up to 90 degrees, there is very little humidity, so even the hottest of days feels like a comfortable, cool, breezy afternoon. Also, when you want to jump into the ocean and cool off, it is nice and refreshing. Hawaii truly displays the typical weather you would expect out of a tropical island and leads to a relaxing getaway for anyone who wishes to enjoy it.\r\n unmatchable of the biggest differences between Florida and Hawaii are the attractions they have to render and what you can do with your time in both place. As you may expect, the major attraction of both Florida and Hawaii are the numerous beaches that populate the two states. Beyond the beaches, however, both Florida and Hawaii offer rummy attractions that will amuse people of all ages. In Florida, one of the major attractions is Disney World, a resort intentional to let your inner child loose and expe rience the world of cartoons that you watched as a kid.\r\nWhile many people see Disney World as an fun commons for kids, the park can be enjoyed by people of all ages. There are many other amusement parks in Florida that are â€Å"hot specks” for vacations, such as ocean World, Universal Studios, and Busch Gardens. Another big travel spot in Florida is the Florida Everglades and Everglades National Park. The Everglades is a massive wetland ecosystem in the southern portion of Florida that offers many people a chance to explore a place they couldn’t find anywhere else in the world.\r\nWhile Florida may have amusement parks and some innate exhibits to visit, though, it cannot compare with the beauty of Hawaii. Hawaii may not have amusement parks, but it makes up for it with all of its amazing, natural attractions. The beaches are beautiful, with crystal clear peeing that allows you to watch a constituent of undersea life without ever putting on a scuba suit. Some of the nature walks that you can go on in Hawaii are simply breathless because of all the beautiful scenery that you pass along the way.\r\nYou can ride horses on the beach, take a submarine ride through the ocean, and, if you are festal enough, even go to the top of a vent and experience all of the beautiful landscape that in reality grows around it. Furthermore, major attraction in Hawaii is the Pearl Harbor naval base and memorial. the great unwashed from all over the world, even from Japan come to the memorial to see what is left behind from a great American tragedy. You can still see the oil left in the ocean in some spots, and you can walk over a glass bridge that allows you to look down and see a sunken battleship.\r\nNo matter what you choose to do, you are guaranteed to find something in Hawaii that you could not find anywhere else in the world. Whether it is the food that you eat or the weather you experience, there is a lot that separates Florida and Hawaii. Both plac es offer a unique experience that you normally would not have in your everyday life. However, you can visit Florida and go to an amusement park with your family and friends; I would recommend seeing Hawaii and experience a culture you may have never seen before.\r\n'