C. H. PATTERSON
Invited Paper. Counseling and Values, 1989, 33, pp. 164-176. In arrest Psychotherapy:
Fifty Years of Client-C assumeed Theory and Practice. PCCS Books, 2000.
ABSTRACT: The inclination of this article is to consider the various ways that values enter into
counseling or psychotherapy, with particular attention to the goals of the process and the
methods or procedures by which the counselor or therapist implements the process.
VALUES are DIFFICULT TO DEFINE even though everyone recognizes and uses the
concept. The failure of writers to particularise values or attempt to delineate the nature of the concept
has lead to some confusion and fuzziness in discussions in the literature.
Kluckhohn, an anthropologist, note that the concept of values involves the concept of the
desirable, which influences the selection, from available modes, means, and ends of action....
Value implies a code or standard, which has some persistence through time, or put more broadly,
which organizes a system of action. Values, conveniently and in accord with received usage,
place things, acts, ways of behaving, goals of action, on the approval-disapproval continuum
(Kluckhohn, et al., p. 395). just now values carry more than an approval-disapproval connotation.
Smiths (1954) definition is more accurate. He stated that by values, I shall mean a persons
unvoiced or explicit standards of choice, insofar as these are invested with arrangement or
requiredness (p. 513). The words societys and cultures should be added to persons in the
definition. It makes clear the oughtness or should nature of values. Thus, it avoids the frequent
confusion of values with preferences-tastes, likes, and interests. The objects of such preferences
may be say to be valued, but they do not constitute values. in that location is no obligatoriness or
requiredness attached to them.
The relationship, or difference, between values and moral philosophy is not always clear. It seems that
morals are...If you want to get a full essay, order it on our website: Ordercustompaper.com
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