Apple Case Study 1

orchard apple tree Table of Contents I. Introduction II. Opening contingency III. adversary synopsis IV. Sales compend V. Profitability Analysis VI. Cross crack of Demand Competitors v/s iPh integrity VII. Demand, woo and Pricing VIII. Pure competition, monopolistic ambition & Oligopoly IX. Conclusion X. References I. Introduction apple Inc. (orchard apple tree) designs, manufactures and foodstuffs a pad of individualized coders, mobile communication and media whatsiss, and take-away digital practice of medicine adopters, and sells a range of related softw be, operate, peripherals, ne bothrking solutions, and thirdly-party digital content and applications.Its products and advantages include mackintoshintosh (Mac) computers, iPh maven, iPad, i seedcase, Apple TV, Xserve, a portfolio of consumer and professional computer softw argon applications, the Mac OS X and iOS in operation(p) brasss, third-party digital content and applications through the iTunes Store, an d a range of additionory, service and donjon take outerings. The Comp each(prenominal) sells its products glob tout ensembley through its retail inst all in alls, online stores, and direct gross revenue impression and third-party cellular exoneratework carriers, wholesalers, retailers, and value-added resellers.As of September 25, 2010, the Company had opened a total of 317 retail stores, including 233 stores in the United States and 84 stores internationally. II. Opening Case Apple reveals the iPhone MACWORLD SAN FRANCISCOJanuary 9, 2007Apple today introduced iPhone, combining tierce productsa revolutionary mobile skirt, a wide sift iPod with specter verifys, and a breaka bumphrough cyberspace communication theory device with desktop-class e-mail, clear browsing, searching and mapsinto one small and lightweight take hold device. Phone introduces an simply pertly drug substance ab exploiter interface based on a macro multi- correspond parade and pioneering new package, letting enforcers control iPhone with unsloped their fingers. iPhone in any case ushers in an era of softw are post and sophistication neer in front seen in a mobile device, which completely redefines what hirers nates do on their mobile straits. iPhone is a revolutionary and magical product that is literally five years ahead of any separate mobile phone, say Steve Jobs, Apples CEO. We are all born with the ultimate pointing deviceour fingersand iPhone uses them to create the close to revolutionary user interface since the mouse. iPhone is a revolutionist fluid Phone iPhone is a revolutionary new mobile phone that go forths users to make calls by simply pointing at a name or routine. iPhone syncs all of your contacts from your PC, Mac or Internet service such as yahoo , so that you al courses produce your full list of cutting-edge contacts with you.In addition, you can easy construct a favorites list for your most frequently make calls, and easily me rge calls together to create meeting calls. iPhones pioneering Visual Voic telecommunicate, an labor send-off, lets users look at a itemization of their voic emails, decide which messages to listen to, then go directly to those messages without listening to the foregoing messages. Just like email, iPhones Visual Voicemail enables users to straight off randomly access those messages that interest them most. Phone includes an SMS application with a full QWERTY soft keyboard to easily send and receive SMS messages in multiple sessions. When users need to grammatical case, iPhone presents them with an elegant touch keyboard which is predictive to prevent and correct mistakes, making it practically easier and more effective to use than the small plastic keyboards on many shinyphones. iPhone as well as includes a calendar application that allows calendars to be mechanically synced with your PC or Mac. iPhone consumes a 2 megapixel camera and a miserable picture management ap plication that is cold beyond anything on a phone today.Users can browse their video library, which can be easily synced from their PC or Mac, with mediocre a winkle of a finger and easily choose a photo for their wallpaper or to include in an email. iPhone is a quad-band GSM phone which in like manner features EDGE and Wi-Fi wireless technologies for data networking. Apple has chosen Cingular, the better(p) and most popular carrier in the US with over 58 million subscribers, to be Apples max carrier partner for iPhone in the US. iPhone is a Widescreen iPod Phone is a widescreen iPod with touch controls that lets music lovers touch their music by easily scrolling through entire lists of songs, artists, albums and playlists with just a flick of a finger. Album artwork is stunningly presented on iPhones large and vibrant march. iPhone likewise features Cover Flow, Apples amazing way to browse your music library by album cover artwork, for the first time on an iPod. When navi gating your music library on iPhone, you are automatically switched into Cover Flow by simply rotating iPhone into its landscape position. Phones stunning 3. 5-inch widescreen display offers the ultimate way to watch TV shows and movies on a pocketable device, with touch controls for play-pause, chapter forward-backward and volume. iPhone plays the same videos purchased from the online iTunes Store that users applaud reflection on their computers and iPods, and go forth soon enjoy watching on their widescreen goggle boxs apply the new Apple TV. The iTunes Store direct offers over 350 television shows, over 250 feature films and over 5,000 music videos. Phone lets users enjoy all their iPod content, including music, audiobooks, audio podcasts, video podcasts, music videos, television shows and movies. iPhone syncs content from a users iTunes library on their PC or Mac, and can play any music or video content they stick purchased from the online iTunes store. iPhone is a Breakt hrough Internet Communications Device iPhone features a well-heeled hypertext markup language email client which f etc.es your email in the background from most POP3 or IMAP mail services and displays photos and graphics right along with the text. Phone is amply multi-tasking, so you can be reading a web scallywag while downloading your email in the background. Yahoo Mail, the worlds largest email service with over 250 million users, is offering a new resign push IMAP email service to all iPhone users that automatically pushes new email to a users iPhone, and can be set up by simply entering your Yahoo name and password. iPhone result to a fault work with most industry standard IMAP and POP based email services, such as Microsoft Exchange, Apple .Mac Mail, AOL Mail, Google Gmail and most ISP mail services. iPhone also features the most advanced and fun-to-use web browser on a portable device with a version of its award-winning Safari web browser for iPhone. Users can see any w eb summon the way it was intentional to be seen, and then easily rapid growth in to expand any section by simply tapping on iPhones multi-touch display with their finger. Users can surf the web from just about anywhere over Wi-Fi or EDGE, and can automatically sync their bookmarks from their PC or Mac. Phones Safari web browser also includes build in Google Search and Yahoo Search so users can instantly search for information on their iPhone just like they do on their computer. iPhone also includes Google Maps, featuring Googles original maps service and iPhones amazing maps application, offering the best maps experience by far on any pocket device. Users can view maps, air images, traffic information and get directions, all from iPhones remarkable and easy-to-use touch interface. iPhones Advanced Sensors Phone employs advanced built-in sensorsan accelerometer, a proximity sensor and an ambient light sensorthat automatically enhance the user experience and extend battery life . iPhones built-in accelerometer detects when the user has rotated the device from portrait to landscape, then automatically changes the contents of the display harmonisely, with users this instant seeing the entire width of a web page, or a photo in its proper landscape aspect ratio. iPhones built-in proximity sensor detects when you lift iPhone to your ear and immediately turns off the display to save power and prevent inadvertent touches until iPhone is moved away. Phones built-in ambient light sensor automatically adjusts the displays brightness to the appropriate level for the current ambient light, thereby enhancing the user experience and saving power at the same time. Pricing approachability iPhone bequeath be lendable in the US in June 2007, atomic number 63 in late 2007, and Asia in 2008, in a 4GB regulate for $499 (US) and an 8GB model for $599 (US), and will work with either a PC or Mac. iPhone will be change in the US through Apples retail and online stores, an d through Cingulars retail and online stores.Several iPhone accessories will also be available in June, including Apples new unusually compact Bluetooth headset. iPhone includes support for quad-band GSM, EDGE, 802. 11b/g Wi-Fi and Bluetooth 2. 0 EDR wireless technologies. iPhone requires a Mac with a USB 2. 0 port, Mac OS X v10. 4. 8 or subsequently and iTunes 7 or a Windows PC with a USB 2. 0 port and Windows 2000 (Service Pack 4), Windows XP Home or Professional (Service Pack 2). Internet access is required and a broadband connection is recommended. Apple and Cingular will announce service plans for iPhone before it begins shipping in June.III. Competitor Analysis Market Share by OS Nokia barely has a third of the overall mobile phone foodstuff. The average selling scathe of a Nokia Smartphone fell by 21% from 2009. Nokia is selling plenty of devices, plainly they are at the threepenny end of the mart. They lost what some in the industry refer to as mind serving to Apples iPhone and the Google android mobile software political program. Nokia wants to sell services music, maps, and applications as well as ironware but high-end phone users are looking elsewhere.The company says a new family of Smartphones, led by the N8 released in 2010, will revive its fortunes at the top end of the market. Nokia chief decision noble Stephen Elop was forced to abandon the mobile phone giants in September 2010. The tidings that the Finnish libertine might only break even in the abet quarter of this year slashed 25 per cent off its value in 24 hours. Mobile phone manufacturer Nokia has announce it will shed 7,000 jobs from next year as part of a plan to refocus the company on Smartphone. The Finnish firm is moving from Symbian to Microsofts Smartphone technology.The firm recently confirmed the deal with Microsoft last week to collectively develop Smartphone technology, which will cut costs by about 1bn Euros a year. Under the terms of that deal, Nokia agree d to start using the Microsofts operating body on its Smartphone sort of of its own Symbian platform. Nokias response to the Smartphone threat from competitors such as Apples iPhone and phones using Googles android system has been long been a key investor concern. anterior to the iPhone, Nokia was the king of mobile handsets. Now its shell out of the Smartphone market has plunged from 47 per cent to 27 per cent.It has also lost its ranking as the largest handset maker in terms of tax enhancement to Apple. mechanical man When Google obdurate to get into the Smartphone crinkle it decided that Android devices would be everything that the iPhone was not. Apple one or two handsets, Google on the other hand was laying out a undischarged number of handsets. Manufacturers such as HTC, LG and Motorola could use the new operating system for free. It enabled Google to have phones for every section of the market high powered and expensey, cheap and practical. Androids real selling point would be the apps.Here too, the indemnity was one of openness. Apple controlled its App store controlling every submission and rejecting those that contravened its rules. For Android anyone who had written an app could upload it. At first, users and app developers welcomed the free-and-easy approach. However, some have begun to question if Googles policy for the apps is the best way to manage the Market. Three years after its launch, hardware sales are booming. Yet sales of Android apps re important relatively poor. Estimates of Apples App store in 2010 were ? 1. billion. Android Market managed just ? 62 million. The figure was lower than both Blackberry App World (? 100m) and Nokias Ovi store (? 64m). Research predicts massive improvements for Android by this time 2012 but it is still expected to lag far behind iOS. Finally Androids market make out grew to surpass the Symbian platform utilise by Nokia making it the most exchange Smartphone Microsoft Microsoft market t ake is declining in the Smartphone platform market. Windows Phone 7 lacks a number of features despite the innovation of its user interface.Microsoft hopes to gain market share once Nokia Windows Phones and its wide-ranging Mango software update get released later in 2011. Microsoft has unveiled the first major update to its Windows Phone 7 operating system it launched in 2010. The update, codenamed Mango, intdoduces more than 500 changes. Microsofts attempts to break into the Smartphone race have been mediocre at best. Currently, the company controls less than 4% of the market. Despite this, Microsofts Windows Phone 7 platform is forecasted to beat Android in 2013. Microsoft introduced PocketPC in 2000, followed by Windows Mobile in 2003, prior to Apple and Androids release. However it still failed to compete in the market, or rival Symbian who controlled nearly 90% of the market share. Microsoft lacked the features and compatibility that Symbian was featuring at the time, and as a result, consumers refused to recognize its product or give Microsoft the opportunity to be a contender in the Smartphone industry. The platform was notoriously sluggish and the most onerous of any platform to use. Microsoft tried to solve some of these issues with minor tweaks and software updates over the years to little or no avail.As Windows Mobile market shares continued to decline, Microsoft had no other option than to overhaul the Microsoft platform and launch Windows Phone 7 in 2010. Windows Phone 7 was slews improved. just now Microsoft still failed to take control of the market, or garner any real significant attention from consumers. mouth Research In deed has given up more ground to Apple and Google in the hypercompetitive Smartphone market, a report shows, while two brokerages cut their wrong targets for the BlackBerry maker on concerns it can no longer keep pace. The latest figures dropped run along from second to third place.The Canadian companys struggle to co mpete is unlikely to get any easier, with Apples upcoming iCloud service expected to hurt brink. IV. Sales Analysis Appleproduced some stellar results revenues up 48% year-on-year to $13. 5bn, and profits up. The military operation is confused becauseApple has begun restating its year-ago earnings, to take into account the fact that it now recognizes income and revenue from subscription-based products such as theiPhone(which may be sold on an 18-month recoil) as soon as it gets it, quite than deferring it over the life of the device/contract as it used to.It began doing that in the most recent quarter, covering Christmas, which bewilderingly is the first quarter of its financial year. So preceding(prenominal)ly, the second-quarter revenues were $8. 16bn, not the newly-restated $9. 08bn the profits were $1. 21bn, not the now-given figure of $1. 62bn. The numbers also dont include the iPad, because the quarter ended on March 31 the iPad was launched three days later. According to MacJournals, which chewed over the numbers, At $5. 445 billion, iPhone sales accounted for 40% of Apples revenue. All Mac sales were 28%, alliPod/Music sales were 24%. Mac sales are 2. 943m units, generating revenue of $3. 76bn which Apple says was 33% year-on-year growth, compared to market growth of 24%. The companys market share of mobile subscribers has also taken a deep plunge. Market inquiry firm comScore says that between October and January, Microsofts share of the market fell from 19. 7% to 15. 7%. RIM, the maker of the BlackBerry, remained the leader, growing from 41. 3% to 43%. Apple s iPhone increase slightly, from 24. 8% to 25. 1%, and Googles Android grew by more than 250%, going from 2. 8% to 7. An interesting analysis comes from Tomi Ahonen, a former Nokia executive. I am constitution the first history of the once-iconic iPhone, written now in early April 2010, before Apple has released its first quarter earnings for 2010. This is literally the peak of the pi teous reign that Apples iPhone had as the most emulated Smartphone. And mark my words, the numbers are now very clear, Apples market share peak among smartphones, and among all handsets, on an annual basis, is being witnessed now. V. Profitability Analysis Apple reported in the second quarter of 2011 that net income rose 95 percent, to $5. 9 billion, or $6. 40 a share, from $3. 07 billion, or $3. 33 a share, in 2010. Revenue climbed 83 percent, to $24. 67 billion, from $13. 5 billion. The profit margin in 2011 is 22. 36% of the sales which is an improvement over the level the company achieved in 2010. The companys return of equity is 38. 78% while in 2010 it was 26. 2% which core that there is a 12. 58% increase on the return of equity. The piggy margin is 39. 07% which is slightly better than the company achieved in 2010. VI. Cross press stud of Demand Competitors V/s iPhoneWhen the iphone 3GS was released on July 11, 2008 it cost $199 with the ATT two year contract. In Janua ry 2011 Apple cut the iphone 3GS price to $50. cross-price breeze of accept = % ? in subscribe for product A% ? in price for product B %? in price for iphone scathe of Iphone 3GS, 2010 + Price of Iphone 3GS, 2011? Price of Iphone = 199 + 5050-199 = -1. 671% With the Market share OS table above we can compute the % ? I charter for prodct competing with the iphone. %? in demand for Symbian = Symbian market share of Q1 2011 Symbian market share of 2010 = 27. 4% 37. 6% = -8. % Symbian-iphone cross-price piece of cake of demand = % ? in demand for Symbian% ? in price for Iphone = -8. 6%-1. 671% = 5. 146 %? in demand for Android = Android market share of Q1 2011 Android market share of 2010 = 36% 22. 7% = 13. 3% Android -iphone cross-price snap fastener of demand = % ? in demand for Android% ? in price for Iphone = 13. 3%-1. 671% = -7. 959 %? in demand for RIM = RIM market share of Q1 2011 RIM market share of 2010 = 12. 9% 16. 0% = -3. 1% RIM -iphone cross-price elasticity o f demand = % ? in demand for RIM% ? in price for Iphone = -3. 1%-1. 671% = 1. 855 ? in demand for Microsoft = Microsoft market share of Q1 2011 Microsoft market share of 2010 = 3. 6% 4. 2% = -0. 6% Microsoft -iphone cross-price elasticity of demand = % ? in demand for Microsoft % ? in price for Iphone = -0. 6%-1. 671% = 0. 359 The price elasticity of demand is the responsiveness of quantity demanded by a change of 1 percent in price. It is calculated by dividing the percentage change in the demanded quantity by the corresponding percentage change in price. The iPhone was launched in the US roughly at the beginning of the second Quarter 2008, at a price of $599.In mid September Apple reduce the price for the iPhone by 33% from $599 to $434. According to the quarterly reports, Apple sold 270 000 iPhones in the second quarter and 1,119 000 iPhones in the third quarter. If calculated according to the equation for price elasticity of demand, the iPhone would have a price elasticity of 4. 7, which means that Apple would lose to the highest degree 4. 7 percent of iPhone sales for each corresponding 1 percent increase in price. Since elasticity is greater than 1 the price is inelastic so the iPhone is a prodigality commodity.Many consumers wait until increased competition forces Apple to decrease prices. VII. Demand, Cost Pricing Demand Apples iPhone Supply and Demand pattern of Supply and Demand There is a general rule in economics that if the price of a certain true(p) or service rises, then the demand for such ethical or service declines. If the price decreases, then potential demand also increases (inverse kinship). On the supply side, if the price of a salutary or service increases, then firms will be willing to supply the market with higher volume of such good or service.If the price decreases, then firms will cut their supply of the good or service (positive relationship. The market then adjusts the price of the good or service in order to satisfy bo th the consumers and the suppliers. This is called market equilibrium. Apple iPhone Demand Last July, Apple iPhone was able to outsell all smart phones in the United States. It almost equaled the sales of the most popular feature phone (LG chocolate), giving it a relatively stable position in the market. New Apple handset models accounted for almost 1 . of all phone handset sales in the US for about a month. It was estimated that the demand for Apple iPhone was rising at7 . 2 a month, equivalent to about 5 million units of quantity demanded. The market research firm iSuppli noteworthy This is a remarkable accomplishment for Apple, considering that July marked the first full month of sales for the iPhone. While iSuppli has not collected historical information on this topic, its likely that the speed of the iPhone s rise to competitive dominance in its segment is unprecedented in the history of the mobile-handset market (Marsal ,2007 .In piteous , almost unexpected rise in demand o f Apple iPhone was unaccounted by many experts , including of which are some of its competitors . The same research firm also noted that survey revealed that almost 57 of iPhones (bought in July ) were purchased by US consumers . Most of the consumers are aged 17-35. Almost 52 of the consumers of this product are male, and about 48 are female, revealing an almost equal disposition to consume for the product among the sexes. Added to that, iSuppli noted that 62 of the consumers of the product are rattling college graduates or those with graduate courses .Nonetheless , the same research firm noted that some of the iPhone s success in July can be attributed to restrain demand following months of hype (stagnant demand). Real proof of success will come in the coming months as demand patterns stabilize (Marsal, 2007). This vaticination was almost accurate when the demand for iPhone was almost rising at 8 per month (month of June). Cost Apples Iphone 4 smartphone, for which its chargin g at least $500 at retail, is built of parts that cost $187. 51, according to market research firm Isuppli.According to the tear-down the most expensive part of the Iphone 4 is the 3. 5-inch LCD screen which costs $28. 50. Isuppli thinks that the Iphone 4 screen must be identical to one made by LG. It seems that Apple has managed to keep its parts cost at about $170 to $180 per unit. Isupplis cost estimate doesnt include labour, shipping, advertising, software development or patent licensing. The cost is based on a 16GB version of the Iphone 4 but the low costs of each componant are fairly staggering. The Apple A4 processor reportedly is made by Samsung Electronics for $10. 75 per chip.Isuppli thinks that Geneva-based STMicroelectronics supplied the gyroscope chip at an estimated cost of $2. 60, as well as an accelerometer chip used in previous Iphone versions, which has an estimated cost of 65 cents. early(a) component suppliers named by Isuppli include Skyworks, a wireless chipma ker and TriQuint Semiconductor. In 2009, Isuppli estimated that the components and materials used in the iPhone 3GS cost about $179. Since then Isuppli thinks that the materials costs for that model have fallen to $134. Thus the Iphone 4 costs a bit more to make than the earlier model.Of course this means that Apples gross margin on the hardware in Iphones is extremely high. The actual price margin gets obscured by the fact that AT&T heavily subsidises the phone in the US for about what it costs to manufacture. However the real winner is Apple, which does not have to pay for the cost of manufacture and still takes home about three times Iphone 4 production costs, on average. Pricing Because the iPhone price is entirely set by Apple, it makes an interesting case study on how much the price of technology drops over time.The official price of the iPhone periodically drops, as shown in the table below. But, there are no sales and a new iPhone is never sold for less than the official pri ce. (There are at times sales on the refurbished iPhones for example on black Friday the refurbished 3GS was sold for $50. 00 instead of the usual $150. 00. ) Finding historical street price data is harder than historical MSRP data. For the iPhone both prices are the same. The table showing the historical price is include below. 1st Gen 4GB 1st Gen 8GB 3G 3GS 16GB 3GS 32GB 29 June 2007 $499. 0* $599* N/A N/A N/A 5 Sept 2007 Discontinued $399 N/A N/A N/A June 2008 N/A N/A $199 N/A N/A June 2009 N/A N/A $99 $199 $299 VIII. Pure competition, Monopolistic Competition & Oligopoly Apple Inc. planned to begin producing this year a new iPhone that could allow U. S. phone carriers other than AT&T Inc. to sell the iconic gadget, say people briefed by the company. The new iPhone would work on a type of wireless network called CDMA, these people state. CDMA is used by Verizon Wireless, AT&Ts main competitor, as well as Sprint Nextel Corp. nd a fistful of cellular operators in countries inclu ding South Korea and Japan. The vast majority of carriers world-wide, including ATT, use another technology called GSM. With Apple developing a phone with CDMA capability, its exclusive U. S. arrangement with ATT dating to 2007 appears set to end. Verizon Wireless, owned by Verizon Communications Inc. and Vodafone Group PLC, declined to comment. An ATT spokesman tell There has been lots of incorrect speculation on CDMA iPhones for a long time. We havent seen one yet and only Apple knows when that might occur. Apple declined to comment.For ATT, the Apple relationship has been crucial, helping to make the carrier the U. S. leader in lucrative smart-phone market share. According to comScore Inc. , ATT has over 43% of all U. S. smart-phone customers, compared with 23% for Verizon. These customers are especially attractive because they generally pay higher periodical rates for data plans. For several quarters, ATTs growth has come almost single-handedly from the iPhone. In the fourth quarter of 2009, the carrier said it emotional 3. 1 million new iPhones. In comparison, it counted only a net total of 2. million new subscribers as some customers moved from other phones to iPhones. Now that a new Verizon-compatible iPhone appears to be on the horizon, Digits looks at what Apple can do to win over mobile product line users, particularly from RIMMs BlackBerry market. The people briefed on the matter said the kindled GSM iPhone is being made by Taiwanese contract manufacturer Hon Hai Precision Industry Co. , which produced Apples previous iPhones. The CDMA iPhone model is being made by Pegatron Technology Corp. , the contract manufacturing auxiliary of Taiwans ASUSTeK Computer Inc. said these people. One person familiar with the situation said Pegatron is recordd to start mass producing CDMA iPhones in September. Other people said, however, that the schedule could change and the phone may not be available to consumers immediately after production begins. Repres entatives of Pegatron and Hon Hai declined to comment. Verizon has publicly stated its interest in the iPhone, but people familiar with the situation said Apple originally decided against developing a phone for Verizon to keep its development process simple, since the technologies are incompatible.Verizon also is upgrading its network to a higher-speed technology, so Apple has said it believed CDMA was a short-term technology. Apple later changed its mind as it realized Verizons upgrade would take longer than expected, said people familiar with the situation. Making the iPhone available through Verizon, which has over 91 million customers, as well as potentially other CDMA carriers could open up a significant new market. In 2009, iPhone sales globally rose 83% to 25. million, far outpacing the 20% to 25% growth in smart phones sales overall, according to Bernstein. But since Apple already dominates smart-phone sales through existing partners, sooner rather than later, Apple is going to have to look to find incremental distribution, which implies a monopolistic competition between all smart phone sellers, said Bernstein analyst Toni Sacconaghi. He estimates Verizon could help Apple nearly double the number of iPhone users in the U. S. Some advantages that iPhone has comparing to other smart phones are 1. Pod iPhone is a not just a phone it is widescreen iPod with touch controls that lets you enjoy all your content including music, audiobooks, videos, TV shows, and movies on a beautiful 3. 5-inch widescreen display (Nokia N95 only has a 2. 6 inch screen). The N95 does have a good media player, however with all the iPod features and 4 GB / 8 GB space, it makes the iPhone the best music phone. 2. Advanced Safari browser iPhone lets you see any web page the way it was designed to be seen, then easily zoom in by simply tapping on the multi-touch display with your finger which will change mobile browsing for the good. . OS X All the power and sophistication of an a dvanced operating system that gives you access to true desktop-class applications and software, including rich HTML email, applications such as widgets, Safari, calendar, text messaging, Notes, and Address Book etc. iPhone is fully multi-tasking, so you can read a web page while downloading your email in the background. This software completely redefines what you can do with a mobile phone. 4. User Interface iPhone features the most revolutionary user interface since the mouse.Its an entirely new interface based on a large multi-touch display and innovative new software that lets you control everything using only your fingers. 5. Visual Voicemail The iPhone lets you select and listen to voicemail messages in whatever order you want just like email using a revolutionary new feature called the visual voicemail. IX. Conclusion Analyzing as managerial economics students, we can conclude that although the current methods and techniques are serving us well in analyzing the current marke t situation, there will be new techniques emerging in the future with global changes occurring at outflow speeds.What is essential is for us to grasp is that the theory is flexible with these changes and that it can be shaped or rounded to be applied to any market situation analysis. The content and subjects we learned in this course are zip fastener but the bedrock tools that any manager needs to know and use in his daily life in order to forecast revenues and demand, decompose current markets and evaluate his companys stance regarding his competitors. X. 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