The Importance Of The Oleochemical Industry

The Importance Of The Oleochemical substance substance IndustryOleochemicals which is the chemical product that extract from plant or animal fogy oil. The formation of oleomargarinechemical ar from voluptuousty acids, fatty alcoholic drink, methyl esters and glycerine. In Malaysia, oleochemical started from early 1980s. The Malaysian Oleochemical Manu itemures stem (MOMG) was established in January 1984 when the assiduity attracted more than enhancer. MOMG uses the renewable natural dim framework much(prenominal) as touch oil, coconut oil and manage kernel oil which ar surroundings friendly. delinquent to the global heating plant and depleting of fossil fuel, bio diesel engine leave alone be the next great potential as a cost- fixive feedback for fossil fuel. plow oil or former(a) vegetable oil loafer be utilize to create biodiesel for indispensable combustion engines. After mixed with petro diesel, biodiesel great deal use in either diesel engine. Normally vehicle manufacture limit their recommendation to 15% biodiesel blended with petro diesel. In Europe, biodiesel is almost common. RD gravel research that biodiesel is more mop energy than fossil fuel, it release sparse hundred dioxide, carbon monoxide and siemens dioxide after combustion. Not only that, biodiesel is more economical as biodiesel can be use directly without changing or modified the vehicle engine.The importance and advantages of Oleochemical Industry (Biodiesel) in our SocietyThe oleochemical industry that producing biodiesel have uncertain profit potential since the fossil fuel sources ar depleting over the eld and this testament cause the usage of biodiesel increases. Biodiesel is miscible with petroleum found diesel and this provides several advantages. For example, biodiesel can be obtained from a renewable and widespread approachability of feedstock. Moreover, biodiesel has the same energy level for per gallon like petroleum-based dieselThe biodies el is divulged from plants and opposite organic naked materials and the processes of producing biodiesel are harmless to the earth compared to drilling for oil which cause huge damages to the earth. Since we able to produce biodiesel and being use in domestic, there are no international complications allow be involved. This go forth help strengthen our national security. Besides that, it can prevent the global situation to affect the price of biodiesel.The principal(prenominal) reason of oleochemical industry can be so successful is because of the selection biofuel such as biodiesel is a carbon neutral one which means it doesnt not emit whatever carbon gases in the form of carbon dioxide. As we know carbon dioxide is the main contribution to the babys room gas emissions. Besides that, biodiesel is biodegradable and less toxic than fossil fuel. Due to the lubricating effect by the biodiesel, the diesel engines lifespan is last longer and it is more efficiency. Therefore, biodiesel becomes one of the most important alternative fuel for combustion in diesel engines.The Supply motive of BiodieselDue to the declining of fossil fuels well-nigh the world, various governments all over the world have passed policies to help in the exertion and phasing-in of bio-fuels to turn off the consumption of fossil fuel. For example, the unite States of America had passed a Renewable Fuel Standard (RFS) in 2010 for the production of 650 million gallons of biodiesel in 2010, while in Brazil, all gasoline requires around 20-25% of ethanol blended into them and since Jan. 1 2010, Brazil had begun a B-5 mandate which requires the phasing in of 5% biodiesel into fossil fuels.In addition, collect to the EUs (European Union) determined policies, biofuel consumption is lick up ones mind to increase sharply. Previously, the EU had set a goal for all their genus Phallus nations to achieve a minimum target of 5.75% biofuel production by the socio-economic class 2010, w hich was estimated to be around 14 million tonnes, and subsequently increase the make sense to 10% biofuel production by the year 2020.South East Asiatic countries like In dosia and the Philippines have also set a B2.5 mandate which requires the phasing in of 2.5% biodiesel into fossil fuel diesels in their internal market. Malaysia has also implemented a B5 mandate which requires all diesel fuels sold in the country to phase-in 5% of biodiesel. Therefore, with many countries supporting the concept of producing biofuels and the increasing worldwide gather up, it shows that investing into the surface area of the production of biodiesel would be actually profitable in the long run.cost of producing biodiesel are dependent on the feedstock being used, the biodiesel plant design and size, and the modal value the plant is being ope rolld. Basically, soybean oil and decoration oil are the most commonly used feedstock being used in the oleo chemical industry due to their widespread a vailability and lowest priced for most of the time. Although alga are one of the feedstock which can have a lavishly yield of biodiesel, palm oil is still preferred over algae due the high capital of algae.Besides that, countries like Indonesia and Malaysia, which in 2012 had record roughly 18,500,000 metric tons of palm oil produced, will produce to be worthwhile countries to invest in for the production of biodiesel due to the fact that there are ample materials to produce biodiesel. Moreover, with the lack of suppliers producing biodiesel in the vicinity (South East Asia), to invest in this field in the region would rebel to be worth the effort.Procesess for entailment of biodiesel from palmThere are devil main process for synthesis of biodiesel from palmPalm Oil ancestry from palmMechanical ExtractionSolvent ExtractionTraditional manner Of Palm nubble ExtractionThere are 8 main processes for the palm oil parentage, those are practice bundling reception, and weighing, bunch quartering, bunch sterilization, bunch threshing/ stripping, oil palm fruit digestion, palm oil pressing, palm oil clarification, palm oil drying and palm oil storage (Figure 6.1). The extraction of palm oil can be done by ternion methods a.) Mechanical Extraction, b.) Solvent extraction and c.) Traditional method of palm kernel extraction.2. Trans-esterificationTrans-esterification also cognize as alcoholysis. It is a chemical process that slump the viscosity of palm oil and produce biodiesel by displace alcohol from an ester using another alcohol. This chemical process contains three subsequent bi afterwardsal reactions i.) reply between triglycerides of palm oil and alcohol to produce diglycerides and ester, ii.) Reaction between diglycerides and alcohol to produce monoglycerides and ester, iii.) Reaction between monoglycerides and alcohol to produce glycerol and ester (general equation in Figure 6.2). Transesterification can either be performed by the present of catal yst (catalytic process) or without the present of catalyst (non-catalytic process) (Figure 6.3).During the synthesis of biodiesel, there are some precaution steps need to be taken to ensure the whole process can be done in safe condition. One of the precaution step is always make sure that the tanks used in processing biodiesel are in commodity condition. Besides that, make sure that all the electrical powered are not over heated, over-pressurized and improperly submited. Use an explosion proof take to avoid from leaving the motor and engage the professionals to install and maintain the pump.The conflict on the EnvironmentThe process of deriving oleochemical can be separate into Fat Splitting, Distillation, Fractionation by Crystallization, Fractionation by Distillation, Hydrogenation and Ion Exchange. All the tell process might have some impacts on the environment, such asA power plant will be needed to egress a large amount of energy to the oleochemical industry. In order t o install a power plant in the factory, space and fuel are essential. However, fossil fuel is not environment friendly because it will produce toxic gases such as CO and SO3, which could cause air pollution. Besides, glasshouse gases such as CO2, O3, water vapors, and CH4, released from the power plant, gain ground contribute to greenhouse effects.Raw materials are limited. Human may suffer from food need due to excessive usage of animals and plants fats as cranky material for oleochemical industry. brute fats, being a side stream from the meat production, have a limited availability, said European Oleochemicals Allied Products Group. Animal fats cover more than 50 % of the raw material requirements in the European Oleochemical Industry.The processes of deriving oleochemicals such as (splitting, refining, neutralization and distillation) will generate heat energy. Since water has a very high specific heat capacity, it will be used in cooling system. In the cooling system, hea t energy will be transfer to the water, which increases the temperature of water. If we discard the hot water into river, the temperature will later disrupt the temperature of the river water. Even though it could be a very slight change of temperature, but it may cause death to the aquatic lives due to inadequate temperature which affects the activity of enzymes.There is no proof that neither raw materials nor products are safe to human, animals and plants even though its derived from plants or animals sources. Therefore, all the raw materials and products must be handled with care by relative field experts. The handling, storage, and out-migration of these materials should to be managed properly to avoid or minimize the potential for environmental impacts .Pollutant, toxic and greenhouse gases will cause pollution and greenhouse effect if we release it directly into ambiance. Existence of So3 and other toxic gases in atmosphere can cause respiratory hassles on humans and animal s.If the waste products of fat splitting process such as lipids, acids and alkali were discarded to ground, it will cause soil pollution. Plants will be unable to grow and this further destroys the habitat of the animals.When the factory is operating, machines and operating systems will generate noise and campaign nearby residence. A suitable and strategy location which located farthermost away from town and residence area can be used to set the factory.A catalyst such as Pt or Ni may be required to speed up the rate of reaction. These catalysts are expensive and need to be recycled so that we can reduce the costs and also save the environment.The products might consist of new and nameless chemicals. To reveal the toxicity or other side effects, animal testing or animal trial can be conducted. This is an inhumane practice, which may affect the ecosystem if the toxic is spread among the flora and fauna. The worst uncontrollable berth is that the chemicals cause cancer or mutatio n inside the animal body and spread among each other. Therefore, the practice of animal testing must be carried out in a small scale, and the number of animal used for testing should be as least as possible. Besides, the animals must be quarantined and separated from the others, as this could further minimize biological pollution. future Potential of the Oleochemical IndustryOleochemical industry is one of the fastest growth industry for biofuels. In the next few years, products produced by oleochemical industry are anticipate to replace those from petrochemicals. Most of the oleochemical industry are based on palm and palm kernel oils, so other new raw material sources are hoped to be found out to replace them, which are cheaper and comfy to be obtained.To protect the mother earth, costs of production should not be the first experimental condition while the environmental impact of a chemical to the user and environment is anticipated to be more important. Environmental issues s uch as biodegradation, non-toxicity and life cycle analysis are the main consideration that will be used in the future to determine whether a chemical should be commercially produced or not.Biotechnology aslo as known as biotransformation process is used to produce basic oleochemicals and intermediate products that based on chemical processes. This will be the future technology and will be used to produce functionality oleochemicals.ConclusionThe world is facing the depleting of fossil fuels, so the demand of oleochmical products will continue exceed the supply. Oleochemical plays a very important role in providing an alternative to replace the fossil fuels because the products of oleochemical are environmental friendly. However, mass exploits of this industry will still harm the environment to a certain extent. Hence, precaution measures must be taken and advertent deliberation over the issues that will happen before it creates a problem to our society.Reference1) Jibrail B Kansed o, University Sains Malaysia, Synthesis Of Biodiesel From Palm Oil And Sea mango Oil using Sulfated Zirconia Catalyst. operational from July 20092) Siti Fatimah Arifin, University Malaysia Pahang, Faculty Of Chemical And inbred Resources Engineering, Production Of Biodiesel From Waste Cooking Oil And RBD Palm Oil Using Batch Transesterification Process. in stock(predicate) from May 20093) Rhonda Day, eHow, Safety and Hazard Precautions In Biodiesel Production. Available from 4) FAO embodied Document Repository, Palm Oil Processing. Available from 5) FAO Corporative Document Repository, Palm Kernel Oil Extraction. Available from 6) Centre for Transportation Analysis, Global Supply and Demand of Biofuels, Oak Ridge National Laboratory. Available from January 20117) Future Potential of Oleochemical Industry. Available from 8) Malaysia Palm Oil Production by Year, 1964-2012. Available from 9)ASEAN Oleochemical Manufacturers Group, Country parting Malaysia. Available from 10) Cli mateAvene, the Use of Plam Oil as Biofule and Biodiesel. Available from 11) ClimateAvene, Sustainable Palm Oil Cultivation and Climate Change. Available from12) Wolfgang Rupilius and Salmiah Ahmad, The Changing World of Oleochemicals. Available from 13) International Finance Corporation, IFC, 2007, Environmental, Health and Safety Guidelines for Oleochemicals Manufacturing Online. Available from 14) Trudy, T., 2009, Synthetic Ingredients The moot over synthetics Online Available at 15) European Oleochemicals Allied Products Group, APAG 2006, Challenges and potential of biomass biofuels for the European Oleochemical industry Online. Available at 16) Ahmad, Mohd Jaaffar, and Tang Thin Su, 2005 Supply and demand of biodiesel in the European Union (EU). Palm Oil Dev 42 (2005) 8-14.