The Development of Computers

Throughout the history of learning, many an(prenominal) stark naked areas of activity and knowledge have developed and prongy out into distinct flows of human thought. How of all time, the history of computer learning has evolved in a strange, al closely backward path compared to some other sciences, creating new thought and theory after the creation of new technologies. In fact, its acceptance as a science was problematical for many institutions up until recently. Juris Hartmanis, writing in "Observations About the learning of Theoretical Computer Science", claims that computer science is " hence a different intellectual discipline than we have ever encountered before":

The fundamental difference between, say, physics and computer science is that in physics, we study to a very large close a world that exists, and our main objective is to observe and explain the existing (and predict new observable) phenomena. The relations between experiments and theory are quite closely understood and richly illustrated by successful examples. Computer science, on the other hand, is primarily implicated in what can exist and how to describe and analyze the potential in information processing. It is a science that has to conceptualize and effect the intellectual tools and theories to hel

Jay Forrester (b. 1918) invented magnetic affectionateness memory in 1949. Jack Kilby of Texas Instruments and Robert Noyce at Fairchild Semiconductor invented the structured circuit in 1959. With these inventions, coupled with the revolution in size created by the invention of transistors, the basis of the modern revolution in computers had been laid (Williams, 1985, p. 339).

affectionately called the "Trash 80." apple, Commodore, and Tandy dominated the PC marketplace. The orchard apple tree II had 16K bytes of RAM and 16K bytes of ROM; Commodore Business Machines' Personal electronic Transactor (PET) included 4K RAM and 14K ROM; and the TRS80 had 4K RAM and 4K ROM. When VisiCalc was introduced for the Apple II in 1979, people suddenly saw a reason to buy a computer.

VisiCalc, a spreadsheet program created by Dan Bricklin and Bob Frankston, allowed people to change one number in a budget and watch the effect it had on the intact budget. It

By the time ENIAC was complete, the design had expanded from one containing 5,000 pointlessness tubes, to one which contained 18,000 vacuum tubes of 16 basic types, 1500 relays, 70,000 resistors, 10,000 capacitors; it was 8 ft high, 3 ft wide, almost 100 ft long, weighed 30 tons, and consumed 140 kilowatts of power. ENIAC was used for the first computerized weather forecasts as well as ballistic calculations (Williams, 1985, p. 276).

By 1977, the Zilog Z80 microprocessor, which had been introduced in 1975, was used in the Tandy Radio Shack TRS80,

George Boole (18151864), was an English mathematician and logician whose great discovery was that one could apply a facility of symbols to logical operations, something Leibniz had been groping toward nearly two centuries before. This laid the most important foundation for computer development. Nearly every digital computer model ever made has been based on Boole's system for symbolic logic, now known as Boolean Algebra (Asimov, 1982, p. 389).

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