Fetal cardiac abnormalities atomic number 18 usually not diagnosed by routine ultrasonography, but circumstantial foetal echocardiography is a costly procedure and is usually performed merely in noble risk cases (5). However, Stumpflen, Stumpflen, Wimmer and Bernaschek found that cardiac abnormalities could be detected in a high proportion of low-risk fetuses. They offered slender fetal echocardiography at 18-26 weeks of gestation to all women who attended an prenatal clinic. The study included 2181 women with no known risk factors, 540 with maternalistic risk factors of congenital nitty-gritty indisposition, and 364 with sonographically detected abnormalities (5:854).
The study apply a two-dimensional ultrasound system with a 35 MHz transducer and Doppler and color-flow options. The scan included four-chamber view, outflow-tract scans, and color-flow mapping. Additional Doppler flow and M-mode investigations were performed where appropriate. The fetal heart could be viewed adequately in all cases.
immanent heart disease was detected by tiny echocardiography in 46 of 3085 fetuses. Five had isolated ventricular septal dishonor; sixsome had ventricular and atrial septal defects; four had hypoplastic left-heart syndrome; heptad had tetralogy of Fallot; five had an atrioventricular septal defect; three had double-outlet powerful ventricles; two had transposition of the great arteries; two had pulmonary or ao
The study showed the feasibility of first-trimester echocardiography in high-risk families. The researchers point out that although the technique can be carried out with standard obstetric ultrasound equipment, it requires a high degree of expertise in imaging normal fetal hearts and a profound understanding of echocardiographic images and expected findings in cases of complex cardiac malformations.
2. Carvalho, J. S.; Moscoso, G.; Ville, Y. First-trimester transabdominal fetal echocardiography. The Lancet. 351:1023-1027; 1998.
These studies demonstrate the importance of detailed fetal echocardiography in diagnosing not only cardiac abnormalities, but also chromosomal abnormalities.
Screening for critical cardiac defects in the fetus allows earlier diagnosis because secondary symptoms such(prenominal) as retardation or amniotic fluid abnormalities occurring later in gestation are not needed as extracardiac indicators for the investigation of the heart itself (5). The detection of congenital heart disease by routine detailed fetal echocardiography is possible forward 24 weeks of gestation, thus the parents can be cognizant of the diagnosis, causticity of the defect, and prognosis before viability of the fetus is reached, and can make informed decisions about continuing with the pregnancy (5). It also improves the chances of survival of a baby with a critical congenital defect by ensuring that the necessary prenatal and postnatal contend is provided. Knowing that a child will be born with a heart abnormality allows both the parents and the doctors to make plans for the future treatment and care of the child.
Borgida, Odibo, Egan, Esters and Campbell believe that fetal Echocardiography should be an important and routine essay for determination of dextroposition, where a fetus= heart is on the compensate side of its chest since there are usually former(a) abnormalities present when this occurs (1). When they examined 2882 echocardiograms done over a period of six years, they f
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